Document Type : Original article
Authors
1 PhD student in Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor Department of Psycholgy, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing and transcranial direct current brain stimulation therapy on perceived stress and anxiety in women with binge eating. This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with control group and follow-up 2 month. The statistical population was all women with binge eating who referred to nutrition centers in the spring of 2023 in Karaj city. In the first stage, using Judgmental sampling method, 45 women were selected and then randomly divided into 2 experimental groups (each group 15 women) and one control group (15 women) were replaced and experimental groups underwent 8 sessions 60 minutes eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, 8 sessions 60 minutes affect transcranial direct current brain stimulation therapy, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. To collect data binge eating scale (BES) of Gormally and et al (1982), perceived stress scale (PSC) of Cohen et al (1983) and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) of Beck et al (1988). Data analysis was performed using SPSS-28 software in two sections: descriptive and inferential (analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni). The results showed that both interventions in post-test and follow up had a significant effect on perceived stress and anxiety (P<0.05). In addition, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that affect regulation training is more effective in perceived stress and anxiety (P<0.05).
Keywords
- anxiety
- binge eating
- eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
- perceived stress
- transcranial direct current brain stimulation therapy
Main Subjects
حاجی سیدتقیا تقوی، زهرا السادات؛ پورشریفی، حمید؛ مسچی، فرحناز؛ حسن آبادی، حمیدرضا؛ و رضایی، منصور. (1400). نقش تجارب آسیب زای دوران کودکی در پیش بینی اختلال پرخوری با میانجیگری طرحواره‌های ناسازگار اولیه. علوم تغذیه و صنایع غذایی ایران، 16(2)، 140-131. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/nsft.16.2.131
حکمتیان فرد، صادق؛ رجبی، سوران؛ و حسینی، فریده سادات. (1400). اثربخشی درمان حساسیت‌زدایی با حرکت چشم و پردازش مجدد بر اضطراب سخنرانی و خودکارآمدی تحصیلی دانشجویان دارای اضطراب اجتماعی. نشریه فرهنگ مشاوره و روان درمانی، 12(45)، 294-269. https://doi.org/10.22054/qccpc.2020.49651.2309
رضایی، مهدی؛ و احمدیزاده، محمدجواد. (1401). مقایسه اثربخشی تحریک الکتریکی جریان مستقیم فراجمجمه‌ای با حساسیت‌زدایی حرکات چشم و پردازش مجدد بر اختلال استرس پس از ضربه مزمن. نشریه طب نظامی، 23(7)، 583-573. https://doi.org/10.30491/JMM.23.7.573
صفایی، مریم؛ و شکری، امید. (1393). سنجش استرس در بیماران سرطانی: روایی عاملی مقیاس استرس ادراک شده در ایران. نشریه روان پرستاری، 2(1)، 22-13. http://ijpn.ir/article-1-283-fa.html
نیکوسرشت، تبسم؛ و شمالی اسکویی، آرزو. (1400). رائه الگوی ساختاری پیشبینی پرخوری عصبی بر اساس استرس و تنظیم هیجانی با میانجیگری گسستگی ذهن. نشریه علمی و ترویجی رویش روانشناسی، 10(6)، 75-63. http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-2259-fa.html
کاویانی، حسین؛ و موسوی، اشرف‌سادات. (1387). ویژگی‌های روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه اضطراب بک در طبقات سنی و جنسی جمعیت ایرانی. مجله دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران، 66(2)، 140-136. http://tumj.tums.ac.ir/article-1-641-fa.html
Hamilton, M. A. X. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British journal of social and clinical psychology, 6(4), 278-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1967.tb00530.x
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometrie properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893-897. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0022-006X.56.6.893
Al Shidhani, A., Al Samani, A., Al Malki, T., Al Shukaili, B., Al Toubi, A., Chan, M. F., ... & Al Adawi, S. (2023). The Relation between emotional eating and perceived stress among students in tertiary education in Oman: A single-center study. Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry, 37(1), 29-35. https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_3_23
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-5 (Vol. 5, No. 5). Washington, DC: American psychiatric association. https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm
Atchley, R., & Bedford, C. (2021). Dissociative symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder: a systematic review. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 22(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2020.1760410
Brunelin, J., & Fecteau, S. (2021). Impact of bifrontal transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on decision-making and stress reactivity. A pilot study. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 135(1), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.068
Brunoni, A. R., Tortella, G., Benseñor, I. M., Lotufo, P. A., Carvalho, A. F., & Fregni, F. (2016). Cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in depression: results from the SELECT-TDCS trial and insights for further clinical trials. Journal of affective disorders, 202(1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.066
Burgess, E. E., Sylvester, M. D., Morse, K. E., Amthor, F. R., Mrug, S., Lokken, K. L., ... & Boggiano, M. M. (2016). Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on binge‐eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 49(10), 930-936. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22554
Carletto, S., Oliva, F., Barnato, M., Antonelli, T., Cardia, A., Mazzaferro, P., Raho, C., Ostacoli, L., Fernandez, I., & Pagani, M. (2018). EMDR as add-on treatment for psychiatric and traumatic symptoms in patients with substance use disorder. Frontiers in Psychology, 1(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02333
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 24(2), 385-396. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2136404
Covers, M. L., de Jongh, A., Huntjens, R. J., De Roos, C., van den Hout, M., & Bicanic, I. A. (2021). Early intervention with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms in recent rape victims: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of psychotraumatology, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1943188
D’Andréa, G., Giacchero, R., Roger, C., Vandersteen, C., & Guevara, N. (2022). Evaluation of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in the management of tinnitus. An observational study. European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases, 139(2), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2021.06.002
Davis, H. A., Smith, Z. R., & Smith, G. T. (2024). Longitudinal transactions between negative urgency and fasting predict binge eating. Appetite, 192(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.107113
Garcia, S. C., Mikhail, M. E., Keel, P. K., Burt, S. A., Neale, M. C., Boker, S., & Klump, K. L. (2020). Increased rates of eating disorders and their symptoms in women with major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(11), 1844-1854. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23366
Giel, K. E., Schag, K., Max, S. M., Martus, P., Zipfel, S., Fallgatter, A. J., & Plewnia, C. (2023). Inhibitory control training enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation to reduce binge eating episodes: Findings from the randomized phase ii accelect trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 92(2), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1159/000529117
Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., & Rardin, D. (1982). The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addictive behaviors, 7(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(82)90024-7
Howells, R. L., Dunn, L. C., & Carter, J. C. (2024). The relationship between difficulties in the regulation of positive and negative emotions and binge-eating symptoms in young adults. Eating Behaviors, 52(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101839
Kappes, C., Stein, R., Körner, A., Merkenschlager, A., & Kiess, W. (2023). Stress, stress reduction and obesity in childhood and adolescence. Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 96(1), 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1159/000519284
Keski-Rahkonen, A. (2021). Epidemiology of binge eating disorder: prevalence, course, comorbidity, and risk factors. Current opinion in psychiatry, 34(6), 525-531. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000750
Kim, A. J., Stewart, S. H., Sherry, S. B., McGrath, D. S., Mushquash, C. J., Olthuis, J. V., & Mushquash, A. R. (2024). Clarifying the pathway from anxiety sensitivity to binge eating: The mediating role of depressive symptoms in a 3-week, 3-wave longitudinal study of undergraduates. Eating Behaviors, 1(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101843
Klatzkin, R. R., Gaffney, S., Cyrus, K., Bigus, E., & Brownley, K. A. (2018). Stress-induced eating in women with binge-eating disorder and obesity. Biological psychology, 131, 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.002
Levine, M., & Perkins, D. V. (1980, September). Tailor making life events scale. In meeting of the American Psychological Association, Montreal. https://dokumen.tips/documents/self-complexity-as-a-cognitive-buffer-against-stress-related-2017-11-16-journal.html?page=1
Martin, A., Naunton, M., Kosari, S., Peterson, G., Thomas, J., & Christenson, J. K. (2021). Treatment guidelines for PTSD: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(18), 4175. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184175
Masheb, R. M., Ramsey, C. M., Marsh, A. G., Decker, S. E., Maguen, S., Brandt, C. A., & Haskell, S. G. (2021). DSM‐5 eating disorder prevalence, gender differences, and mental health associations in United States military veterans. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54(7), 1171-1180. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23501
Naish, K. R., Laliberte, M., MacKillop, J., & Balodis, I. M. (2019). Systematic review of the effects of acute stress in binge eating disorder. European Journal of Neuroscience, 50(3), 2415-2429. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14110
Pallister, E., & Waller, G. (2008). Anxiety in the eating disorders: Understanding the overlap. Clinical psychology review, 28(3), 366-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.001
Ralph-Nearman, C., Hooper, M. A., Hunt, R. A., & Levinson, C. A. (2024). Dynamic relationships among feeling fat, fear of weight gain, and eating disorder symptoms in an eating disorder sample. Appetite, 1(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2023.107181
Rosenbaum, D. L., & White, K. S. (2013). The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature. Health psychology research, 1(2), 85-92. https://doi.org/10.4081%2Fhpr.2013.e19
Rossi, E., Cassioli, E., Cecci, L., Arganini, F., Martelli, M., Redaelli, C. A., ... & Castellini, G. (2023). Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing as add‐on treatment to enhanced cognitive behaviour therapy for patients with anorexia nervosa reporting childhood maltreatment: A quasi‐experimental multicenter study. European eating disorders review, 1(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.3044
Scelles, C., & Bulnes, L. C. (2021). EMDR as treatment option for conditions other than PTSD: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.644369
Seidler, G. H., & Wagner, F. E. (2006). Comparing the efficacy of EMDR and trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of PTSD: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Medicine, 36(11), 1515–1522. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706007963
Shapiro, F. (2014). The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences. The Permanente Journal, 18(1), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.7812%2FTPP%2F13-098
Shapiro, F. (2017). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315268286-4
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Schaefer, L. M., Anderson, L. M., Critchley, K., Crosby, R. D., ... & Peterson, C. B. (2021). Dynamic stress responses and real-time symptoms in binge-eating disorder. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 55(8), 758-768. https://doi.org/10.1093/abm/kaaa061
Snoek, A., Beekman, A. T., Dekker, J., Aarts, I., van Grootheest, G., Blankers, M., ... & Thomaes, K. (2020). A randomized controlled trial comparing the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and integrated EMDR-Dialectical Behavioural Therapy (DBT) in the treatment of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and comorbid (Sub) clinical borderline personality disorder: study design. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02713-x
Tomiyama, A. J. (2019). Stress and obesity. Annual review of psychology, 70(1), 703-718. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102936
Van Minnen, A., van der Vleugel, B. M., Van Den Berg, D.P. G., de Bont, P. A. J. M., de Roos, C., van der Gaag, M., & de Jongh, A. (2016). Effectiveness of trauma-focused treatment for patients with psychosis with and without the dissociative subtype of post-traumatic stress disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(4), 347–348. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.116.185579
White, C., Bicaker, E., & Racine, S. E. (2023). Gender differences in compulsive exercise facets and their associations with eating disorder symptoms. Eating Behaviors, 49(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101737
Wilson, G., Farrell, D., Barron, I., Hutchins, J., Whybrow, D., & Kiernan, M. D. (2018). The use of eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in treating post-traumatic stress disorder—A systematic narrative review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00923
Wright, S. L., Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Bisson, J., Papola, D., Witteveen, A., ... & Sijbrandij, M. (2024). EMDR v. other psychological therapies for PTSD: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 1(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291723003446
Yilmazturk, N. H., Demir, A., & Celik-Orucu, M. (2023). The mediator role of emotion-focused coping on the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating. Trends in Psychology, 31(2), 383-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00142-1
Young, J. E. (1998). Young Schema Questionnaire – Short Form 3 (YSQ-S3). New York, NY: Cognitive Therapy Center. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t12644-000
Yunitri, N., Kao, C. C., Chu, H., Voss, J., Chiu, H. L., Liu, D., ... & Chou, K. R. (2020). The effectiveness of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing toward anxiety disorder: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of psychiatric research, 123(1), 102-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.01.005
)