In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iran Neuropsychology Association

Document Type : Original article

Authors

Islamic Azad University, Shahrood

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of dictates of hypnosis and cognitive rehabilitation training on improving the status of throwing basketball ball .Method: Design of the study was quasi-experimental with pretest and posttest as well as experimental and control groups. Population of the study consisted of all high school male students in the city of Tehran who had joined the basketball team of their schools on the first semester of the academic year of 95- 94. The research sample, selected by availability, included 45 students who were classified into three groups: a group of 15 who underwent hypnosis intervention, a second group of 15 who took cognitive rehabilitation therapy with neurofeedback method, and a third group of 15 who acted as the control group. One experimental group was treated for cognitive rehabilitation therapy for 15 sessions by neurofeedback method and the other group received 7 sessions of hypnosis dictates. But the control group received no intervention. To collect data for throwing ball, AAHPERD free-throw basketball test (1984) was used. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Findings: The results suggested that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation training and indoctrination hypnosis in improving the status of throwing basketball ball (p≤ 0.05). That is, cognitive rehabilitation exercises improve the status of throwing basketball ball significantly better than dictates of hypnosis, although both cognitive rehabilitation training and dictates of hypnosis have a significant impact on the situation (p≤ 0.05).Conclusion: Based on the results, using activity-based cognitive rehabilitation therapy and hypnosis are both effective for improving athletic performance.

Keywords

استریک، ب (1394). روانشناسی ورزش (کاربرد نوروفیدبک و بیوفیدبک در روان‌شناسی ورزش). ترجمه حجتی، علی، سلطانی، نجمه. انتشارات دانژه.##بهرام، ع. و خلجی، ح (1379). «تأثیر تصویرسازی ذهنی بر شوت بسکتبال تیم منتخب دانشجویان پسر رشته تربیت‌بدنی». اراک، المپیک، 8، 3-8.##تیموری، س (1392). «تأثیر تصویرسازی هیپنوتیزمی و غیر هیپنوتیزمی بر عملکرد و یادگیری مهارت پرتاب آزاد بسکتبال». پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.##حیدری، ع.؛ قاسمی، د.؛ پاشا، غ.؛، کمالی، ع. ح. و عسگری، پ (1389). «تأثیر هیپنوتیزم بر عملکرد ورزشی بازیکنان فوتسال». اندیشه و رفتار، 16،37-48.##شیدا خان قشلاقی، ه (1393). «تأثیر هیپنوتیزم و تمرین بدنی بر اکتساب و یاد داری مهارت یک‌خم کشتی». پایان کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.##صالحی، م.؛ محمد زاده، ح. و نظری، م. ع (1392). «تأثیر نوروفیدبک بر عملکرد و یاد داری مهارت پرتاب دارت». مجله رفتار حرکتی و روان‌شناسی ورزش، 10، 739-48.##صفاتیان، ع (1379). «بررسی تأثیر هیپنوتیزم در عملکرد ورزشکاران». پایان‌نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه علوم انسانی و تربیت‌بدنی گیلان.##ضمیری، ا (1390). «تأثیر مداخله هیپنوتیزم بر کاهش اضطراب رقابت ورزشی و افزایش عملکرد ورزشی». پایان کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد.##محرم زاده، م (1389). مبانی روانی اجتماعی در تربیت‌بدنی. انتشارات پیام نور.##وست، د. و بوچر، چ (1381). مبانی تربیت‌بدنی و ورزش. تهران: نور.##
 
Arns, M.; Kleinnijenhuis, M.; Fallahpour, K. & Breteler, R. (2008). "Golf performance enhancement and real-life neurofeedback training using personalized event-locked EEG profiles". Journal of Neurotherapy, 11(4), 11-18.##Barker, J. B. & Jones, M. V. (2008). "The effects of hypnosis on self-efficacy, affect, and soccer performance: A case study". Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 2(2), 127-147.##Burrows, G. D.; Stanley, R. O.; & Bloom, P. B. (Eds.). (2002). "International handbook of clinical hypnosis". John Wiley & Sons.##Chung, C. H. & Jang, C. Y. (2001). "Articles: Effects of Concentration Training with Brainwave Biofeedback on Tennis Performance". The SNU Journal of Education Research, 11(4), 109-118.##Egner, T.; Strawson, E. & Gruzelier, J. H. (2002). "EEG signature and phenomenology of alpha/theta neurofeedback training versus mock feedback". Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 27(4), 261-270.##Enriquez-Geppert, S.; Huster, R. J. & Herrmann, C. S. (2013). "Boosting brain functions: Improving executive functions with behavioral training, neurostimulation, and neurofeedback". International Journal of Psychophysiology, 88(1), 1-16.##Fauzan, N. & Nazaruddin, M. S. (2012). "Neurofeedback training to improve neuronal regulation in ADD: A case report". Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 32, 399-402.##Garcia, R. F.; Cepeda, T. N.; Cueto, G. E. & y Montes, G. J. (2004). "Effects de la hypnosis y la terapia de aceptacion y compromiso (ACT) en la mejora de la fuerza fisica en piraguistas". International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 4(3), 481- 493.##Gomez-Pilar, J.; Corralejo, R.; Nicolas-Alonso, L. F.; Álvarez, D. & Hornero, R. (2014). "Assessment of neurofeedback training by means of motor imagery based-BCI for cognitive rehabilitation". In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE. 3630-3633.‏##Gucciardi, D. F.; Gordon, S. & Dimmock, J. A. (2008). "Towards an understanding of mental toughness in Australian football". Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20(3), 261-281.##Hammond, D. C. (2004). "QEEG-guided neurofeedback in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder". Journal of Neurotherapy, 7(2), 25-52.##Hornyak, L. M. (2004). "Competition: How hypnosis can help women to hold their own in the workplace". American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 47(1), 13-20.##Jordanova NP, Demerdziera A. (2010). Biofee- dback training for peak performance insport-case study. Macedonian journal of medical sciences, 3(2), 113-118.##Malhotra, S.; Bhatia, M. S.; Rajender, G.; Sharma, V. & Singh, T. B. (2009). "Current Update on Cognitive Retraining in Neuropsychiatric Disorders". Delhi psychiatry journal, 213-18.##Morton, P. A. (2003). "The Hypnotic Belay in alpine mountaineering: The use of self-hypnosis for the resolution of sports injuries and for performance enhancement". American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, 46 (1), 45-51.##Movahedi, A.; Sheikh, M.; Bagherzade, F.; Hemayattalab, R. & Ashayery, H. (2007). "A practice specificity –based model of arousal for achieving peak performance". Journal of motor behavior, 39 (6), 457-462.##Pates, J.; Maynar, I. & Westbury, T. (2001). "An investigation into the effects of hypnosis on basketball performance". Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 13(1), 84-102.##Pates, J.; Maynar, I. & Westbury, T. (2001). "An Investigation into the Effects of Hypnosis on Basketball Performance". Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 84-102.##Raymond, J.; Varney, C.; Parkinson, L. A. & Gruzelier, J. H. (2005). "The effect of alpha- theta neurofeedback on personality and mood". Cognitive brain research, 23, 287- 292.##Sohlberg, M. M. & Mateer, C. A. (2001). Cognitive rehabilitation: An integrative neuropsychological approach. New York: Guilford Press.##Vasquez, Brian L. (2005). "The effects of hypnosis on flow and in the performance enhancement of basketball skills". PhD Thesis. Washington State University.‏##Vernon, D. J. (2005). "Can neurofeedback training enhance performance"? An evaluation of the evidence with implications for future research". Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 30(4), 347-364.##Williamson, J. W.; McColl, R.; Mathews, D.; Mitchell, J. H.; Raven, P. B. & Morgan, W. P. (2001). "Hypnotic manipulation of effort sense during dynamic exercise: Cardiovascular responses and brain activation". Journal of Applied Physiology, 1392-1399##Zoefel, B.; Huster, R. J. & Herrmann, C. S. (2011). "Neurofeedback training of the upper alpha frequency band in EEG improves cognitive performance". Neuroimage, 54(2), 1427-1431.##