In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iran Neuropsychology Association

Document Type : Original article

Author

PhD Student of Educational Psychology, Azerbayjan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceptual-motor exercises with gross and fine motor skills in children with cerebral palsy. Method: Research design was quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with control group. The study sample consisted of cerebral palsy children 7 to 15 years of primary school in Tabriz exceptional that 20 people eligible to take part in the study were selected randomly were assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 in experimental group and 10 in control group) were replaced. After the experimental and control groups were matched for age, gender, IQ, social and economic level were chosen. To collect the test data before and after the intervention were Ossietzky Lincoln motor efficiency. Data analysis was performed using analysis of covariance. Findings: The results showed that in perceptual-motor skills gross and fine motor training in children with cerebral palsy has effect. In fact, perceptual-motor exercises to improve fine and gross motor skills in children with brain paralysis. Conclusion: The perceptual-motor intervention could improve motor skills in children with cerebral palsy used.

Keywords

اسماعیلیان، م.؛ مرندی، س.م.؛ اسفرجانی، ف (1393). «اثر یک دوره تمرینات مقاومتی و تعادلی بر تعادل کودکان فلج مغزی: پژوهش موردی». نشریه طب ورزشی، 6(2)، 153-166.
 
برک، ال (1385). روان­شناسی رشد. ترجمه یحیی سیدمحمدی. تهران: انتشارات ارسباران. (تاریخ انتشار اثر به زبان اصلی، 2009).
 
دهقان، ف.؛ بهنیا، ف.؛ امیری، ن.؛ پیشیاره، ا.؛ صفرخانی، م (1389). «بررسی تأثیر استفاده از تمرینات ادراکی ـ حرکتی بر اختلالات رفتاری کودکان پنج تا هشت سال مبتلا به اختلال کمبود توجه ـ بیش­فعالی». تازه­های علوم شناختی، 12(3)، 82-96.
 
دهقانی­زاده، م.؛ نیل فروش، م.ح (1390). «بررسی تأثیر تمرین مقاومتی نشستن به ایستادن بر عملکرد حرکتی درشت در کودکان فلج مغزی دایپلژی اسپاستیک». دوماهنامه پژوهش در علوم توان‌بخشی، 7(4)، 509-513.
 
زیرکی زنگبار، ح.؛ عشایری، ح.؛ کمالی، م.؛ علی­آبادی، ف (1390). «تأثیر موسیقی اصیل ایرانی بر مهارت‌های درشت دستی کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی اسپاستیک». مجله مطالعات ناتوانی، 1(1)، 15-22.
 
شریف آذر، ا.؛ روان‌بخش، م.؛ ترابی پور، ا.؛ حقیقی زاده، م.ح.؛ امیری، ا (1395). «مقایسه هزینه‌های درمانی کودکان مبتلا به فلج مغزی در دو روش مراقبت در منزل و مراکز درمانی». راهبردهای مدیریت در نظام سلامت، ۱ (۱)، 11-19.
محمدی، ر.؛ بهینا، ف.؛ فرهبد، م (1388). «کاردرمانی و مهارت‌های ادراکی ـ حرکتی در اختلالات ویژه یادگیری». مجله تعلیم و تربیت، 93 و 94، 34-38.
 
محمودی، م. (1392). «مقایسه ویژگی­های عصب روان­شناختی کودکان با اختلال هماهنگی رشدی و عادی شهر اصفهان». پایان­نامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه اصفهان.
 
Arnould, C., Penta, M. & Thonnard, J.L. (2007). "Hand impairments and their relationship with manual ability in children with cerebral palsy". Journal Rehabil Med, 39: 708-714.
 
Bella, G., Garcia, M. & Spadari-Bratfisch, R. (2011). "Salivary cortisol, stress, and health in primary caregivers (mothers) of children with cerebral palsy". Psycho neuro endocrinology, 36(6): 834-42.
 
Berger, A., Jones, L., Rothbart, M.K. & Posner, M.I. (2000). "Computerized games to study the development of attention in childhood". Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 32(3), 297-303.
 
Chu, S. (2003). "Occupational therapy for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A survey of the.level of involvement and training needs of therapist". British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(5), 209.21
 
Gallahue, D.L. & Ozmun, J.C. (2011). Understanding Motor Development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults. 7th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, pp: 300-373.
 
Kramer, P. & Hinojosa, J. (2001). Frames of Reference for Pediatric Occupational Therapy. 1st ed. Williams & Wilkins; pp: 66-74
 
Novak, L., Cusick, A. & Lowe, K.A. (2007). "Pilot study on the impact of occupational therapy home programming for young children with cerebral palsy". American Journal of Occupational Therapy; 61(4):463-468.
 
Paneth, N., Hong, T. & Korzeniewski, S. (2006). "The descriptive epidemiology of cerebral palsy". Clin Perinatol Jun; 33 (2): 251-67
 
Pellegrino, L., Batshaw, M.L. & Roizen, N.J. (2007). Cerebral palsyinchildren with disabilities. 6th ed. Baltimore (MD): Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co.
 
Piek, J., Baynam, G. & Barrett, N. (2006). "The relationship between fine and gross motor ability, self-perceptions and self-worth in children and adolescents". Hum Mov Sci, 25: 65-75.
 
Piek, J.P., Dyck, M.J., Nieman, A., Anderson, D.H., Smith, L.M., McCopy, M. & Hallmayer, J. (2004). "The relationship between motor coordination, executive functioning and attention in school aged children". Archives of clinical Neurophysiology, 19, 1036 - 1076.
 
Pienaar, A.E. (2008). Motoriese ontwikkeling, groei, motoriese agterstande, die assessering en die intervensie daarvan: ’n Handleiding vir nagraadse studente in Kinderkinetika [nl] Motor development, growth, motor deficiencies, the assessment and intervention thereof: Manual for postgraduate students in Kinderkinetics. Noordwes - Universiteit [NL] North - West University: Potchefstroom [NL] Potchefstroom.
 
Rameckers, E., Janssen-Potten, Y., Essers, I. & Smeets, R. (2015). "Efficacy of upper limb strengthening in children with Cerebral Palsy: A critical review". Research in developmental disabilities, 36(1), 87-101.
Rodger, Y. & Ziviani, J. (2002). Occupational Therapy with Children: Understanding Children's Occupations and Enabling Participation. 1st ed. Williams & Wilkins; pp, 42-44.
 
Rogers, S.L. (2010). Common conditions that influence children’s participation. In: Case-Smith J, O'brien JC, editors. Occupational therapy for children. 6th ed. Maryland, MO: Elsevier Mosby; p. 160-217.
 
Rogers, S. & Case-smith, J. (2006). Common diagnosis in pediatric occupational therapy practice. In: Case-smith J. Occupational therapy for children. 5th Ed. USA: Mosby; pp: 150-155.
 
Shumway-Cook, A. & Woollacott, H.M. (2009). Motor Control: Theory and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. Mosby co; pp: 211-219.
 
Symivnova, A. (1999). Reconstructive treatment in children with cerebral palsy. Publ Ntydvr Moscow, p.165-69.
 
Usief, P. (2005). Organization theory and adaptive physical education. Publ Savtsky Sport Moscow. P.77-82
 
Verrel, J., Bekkering, H. & Steenbergen, B. (2008). "Eye-hand coordination during manual object transport with the affected and less affected hand in adolescents with hemiparetic cerebral palsy". Exp Brain Res; 187,107– 116.
Watemberg, N., Waiserberg, N. & Lerman-Sagie, T. (2007). "Developmental coordination disorder in) children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and physical therapy intervention. Developmental". Medicine & Child Neurology, 49(12), 920-925.