Relationship between Brain-behavioral Systems Activity Mediated by Positive and Negative Emotions on Social Anxiety of Students

Makvand Hoseini, Shahrokh; Najafi, Mahmmod; Khaleghi, Reza

Document Type : Original article

Authors

¹ Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan ,Iran

² Assistant Professor of Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan ,Iran

³ M.A in Psychology, Semnan University, Semnan ,Iran

Abstract

Aim:The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between brain-behavioral systems activity mediated by positive and negative emotions on social anxiety of students. Method: This study is correlational and structural modeling. In this study 409 students (200 males, 194 females and 15 unknown), from the University of Mashhad were selected by convenience sampling and three questionnaires: Social Anxiety Inventory (SPI) , Positive and Negative Affect Scale Panas (PANAS) and Brain-behavioral systems scale (BAS/BIS) in the form of self-report questionnaires. The raw data using structural modeling to estimate the maximum fit and were analyzed using LISREL software. Findings: The results indicate that the theoretical model is a good fit. Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) directly associated with social anxiety as well as indirectly through negative emotions associated with social anxiety. As well as behavioral inhibition system associated with positive affect as significant negative relationship. Behavioral Aproach System (BAS) also indirectly through the positive affect, have an impact on social anxiety. The Fight/Flight/Freeze System (FFFS) through negative emotions associated with social anxiety. Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) both are significantly related with social anxiety.The impact of emotions (positive and negative affects) between path of brain-behavior systems and social anxiety, is important. Conclusion: High levels of negative affect in person, or low levels of positive affect, can be a sign to predict social anxiety.

Keywords

20.1001.1.24765023.1396.3.10.5.6

References

بخشی‌پور رودسری، ع. و دژکام، م(1384). "ویژگی‌های تحلیل عاملی تاییدی مقیاس عاطفه مثبت و منفی". دوفصلنامه انجمن ایرانی روانشناسی، 9(4): 365-351.

حسنوند عموزاده، م. و روشن چسلی،ر(1392)."رابطه بین سیستم‌های مغزی-رفتاری و جنس با اضطراب اجتماعی". مجله پژوهشی علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی. 18(3): 121-114.

سهرابی،ن.حسینی،م(1381)."بررسی رابطه میان نوع روابط خانوادگی و عاطفه مثبت و منفی دانشجویان دختر و پسر ساکن خوابگاه". اولین کنگره روان شناسی ایران. تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه تربیت معلم،شماره1.

عبدالهی مجارشین ، ر.، بخشی‌پور ، ع. و محمودعلیلو،م (1391). پایایی و روایی نظام‌های بازداری و فعال‌سازی رفتاری (BIS/BAS) در جمعیت دانشجویی دانشگاه تبریز. فصل‌نامه پژوهش‌های نوین روانشناختی، 7(28): 139-123.

Alden, L. E., & Trew, J. L. (2013). If it makes you happy: Engaging in kind acts increases positive affect in socially anxious individuals. Emotion, 13(1), 64.

Beesdo, K., Bittner, A., Pine, D. S., Stein, M. B., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., & Wittchen, H. U. (2007). Incidence of social anxiety disorder and the consistent risk for secondary depression in the first three decades of life. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(8), 903-912.

Bijttebier, P., Beck, I., Claes, L., & Vandereycken, W. (2009). Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality–psychopathology associations. Clinical psychology review, 29(5), 421-430.

Carver, C. S., & White, T. L. (1994). Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: The BIS/BAS Scales. Journal of personality and social psychology, 67(2), 319.

Clauss, J. A., & Blackford, J. U. (2012). Behavioral inhibition and risk for developing social anxiety disorder: a meta-analytic study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(10), 1066-1075.

Cloninger, C. R., & Garcia, D. (2015). The heritability and development of positive affect and emotionality. Genetics of psychological well-being—the role of heritability and genetics in positive psychology, 97-113.

Connor, K. M., Davidson, J., Churchill, L.E. (2000). Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): new self –rating scale. British Journal of Psychiatry,176, 379 –386.

Corr, P. J. (2004). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 317-332.

Crawford, J. R., & Henry, J. D. (2004). The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS): Construct validity, measurement properties and normative data in a large non‐clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43(3), 245-265.

Fox, A. S., & Kalin, N. H. (2014). A translational neuroscience approach to understanding the development of social anxiety disorder and its pathophysiology. American Journal of Psychiatry.

Gray, J. A., & McNaughton, N. E. I. L. (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety.

Heym, N., Ferguson, E., & Lawrence, C. (2008). An evaluation of the relationship between Gray’s revised RST and Eysenck’s PEN: Distinguishing BIS and FFFS in Carver and White’s BIS/BAS scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 709-715.

Hooman, H. A. (2009). Structural equation modeling with LISREL application. Tehran: SAMT Publication, 235-247.

Kalantari, K. (2009). Structural equation modeling in Social Research–Economic. Saba Culture Publication, Tehran.

Kashdan, T. B. (2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical psychology review, 27(3), 348-365.

Kashdan, T. B., Farmer, A. S., Adams, L. M., Ferssizidis, P., McKnight, P. E., & Nezlek, J. B. (2013). Distinguishing healthy adults from people with social anxiety disorder: Evidence for the value of experiential avoidance and positive emotions in everyday social interactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(3), 645.

Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Nelson-Gray, R. O. (2010). An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety. Journal of anxiety disorders, 24(3), 372-378.

Lockström, M. (2007). Low-cost country sourcing: Trends and implications. Springer Science & Business Media.

Mahdi, H. A. (2016). Validity and Reliability of Social Phobia Inventory in Students with Social Anxiety. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 26(139), 166-177.

Morrison, A. S., Mateen, M. A., Brozovich, F. A., Zaki, J., Goldin, P. R., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2016). Empathy for positive and negative emotions in social anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy.

Muris, P., Meesters, C., de Kanter, E., & Timmerman, P. E. (2005). Behavioural inhibition and behavioural activation system scales for children: relationships with Eysenck’s personality traits and psychopathological symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(4), 831-841.

Ohayon, M. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2010). Social phobia and depression: prevalence and comorbidity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 68(3), 235-243.

Pérez-Edgar, K., & Fox, N. A. (2005). Temperament and anxiety disorders. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America, 14(4), 681-706.

Poythress, N. G., Skeem, J. L., Weir, J., Lilienfeld, S. O., Douglas, K. S., Edens, J. F., & Kennealy, P. J. (2008). Psychometric properties of Carver and White’s (1994) BIS/BAS scales in a large samlep of offenders. Personality and Individual Differences, 45(8), 732-737.

Rowsell, M., Doyle, S., & Francis, S. E. (2016). The Role of BIS Sensitivity in the Relationship Between Family Enmeshment and Child Anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1-12.

Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., & Montgomery, N. (2013). Parent and child traits associated with overparenting. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 32(6), 569.

Simons, J. S., Dvorak, R. D., & Lau-Barraco, C. (2009). Behavioral inhibition and activation systems: differences in substance use expectancy organization and activation in memory. Psychology of Addictive behaviors, 23(2), 315.

Smillie, L. D., Pickering, A. D., & Jackson, C. J. (2006). The new reinforcement sensitivity theory: Implications for personality measurement. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 320-335.

Spence, S. H., & Rapee, R. M. (2016). The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 86, 50-67.

Stanton, K., & Watson, D. (2014). Positive an d negative affective dysfunction in psychopathology. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8(9), 555-567.

Neuropsychology

Relationship between Brain-behavioral Systems Activity Mediated by Positive and Negative Emotions on Social Anxiety of Students

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 10 - Serial Number 10
January 2018
Pages 63-80

Relationship between Brain-behavioral Systems Activity Mediated by Positive and Negative Emotions on Social Anxiety of Students

References

References

Volume 3, Issue 10 - Serial Number 10January 2018Pages 63-80

Volume 3, Issue 10 - Serial Number 10
January 2018
Pages 63-80