با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن عصب روان‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 استاد گروه روانشناسی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

4 استادیار گروه مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: اصطلاح اثر عینیت و هیجان به این واقعیت اشاره دارد که واژگان عینی و هیجانی به صورت سریع تر و دقیق تری نسبت به واژگان انتزاعی و خنثی پردازش می شوند. چنین اثری در بازه گسترده ای از تکالیف شناختی مشاهده و همچنین مدل های مختلفی به منظور تبیین آن ارائه گردیده است. بررسی پتانسیل های مغزی وابسته به عینیت و هیجان در پردازش معنایی واژگان در زبان فارسی هدف اصلی پژوهش پیش رو را تشکیل می دهد. روش: روش مورد استفاده شبه آزمایشی و از نوع اندازه گیری های مکرر بود. 24 دانشجوی مرد براساس شیوه نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و در موقعیت آزمایشی گمارده شدند. موقعیت آزمایشی در برگیرنده یک تکلیف تصمیم گیری واژگانی بود و همزمان با آن فعالیت الکتریکی شبکه های نورونی مورد اندازه گیری و ثبت قرار گرفت. یافته ها: مقایسه پتانسیل های وابسته نشان داد که اثر هیجان به صورت پیش رس و در پنجره زمانی 300P نمایان می شود. این درحالی بود که واژگان عینی و انتزاعی به ترتیب مولفه های 400N و 600P بزرگتری را فرا خواندند و اثر آنان در پنجره های زمانی متاخر نمود یافت. نتیجه گیری: از الگوی یافته ها می توان چنین استنتاج کرد که هیچ یک از نظریه های مطرح شده در این پژوهش با الگوی اثر عینیت در زبان فارسی همخوانی کامل ندارد و از این رو انجام مطالعات تجربی بیشتر در این زمینه توجیه پذیر می نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Concreteness and emotionality effects on visual word processing using event-related potentials in the Persian Language

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Ghanaei chamanabad 1
  • Mohammad Reza Golmakani 2
  • Imanollah Bigdeli 3
  • Majid Ghoshuni 4

1 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 M.Sc. in Psychology Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Professor, Department of Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch, Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The term concreteness and emotionality effects refers to the reality that concrete and emotion words are processed faster and more accurately than abstract and neutral words. This effect has been observed in various cognitive tasks and several models have been proposed to account it. The aim of present study is investigating concreteness and emotionality effects on semantic processing in the Persian language using Event-related potentials. Method: A quasi-experimental design, repeated measures is employed to examine concreteness as well as emotionality effects on visual word processing. 24 male students were taken by convenience sampling and set in the experimental condition that included a lexical decision task. The activation of neural networks was recorded while participants responded to concrete, abstract and emotional words. Findings: Comparison of related-potentials showed that emotional words elicited an early and more pronounced P300 than both concrete and abstract words. Nonetheless, concrete and abstract words evoked late and larger N400 and P600 In the second and third time windows respectively. Conclusion: The pattern of results suggest that concreteness effect in Persian is not entirely consistent with existing theories provided in this paper, so there may be an increased chance for other explanations to clarify the concreteness and emotionality effect on visual word processing in the Persian language.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Concreteness effect
  • Emotionality effect
  • Semantic Processing
  • Visual word recognition
  • Event-related potentials (ERP)
Binder, J. R., Westbury, C. F., McKiernan, K. A., Possing, E. T., & Medler, D. A. (2005). Distinct brain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17(6), 905-917.
Bonin, P., Méot, A., & Bugaiska, A. (2018). Concreteness norms for 1,659 French words: Relationships with other psycholinguistic variables and word recognition times. Behavior Research Methods, 50(6), 2366-2387. doi:10.3758/s13428-018-1014-y
Brysbaert, M., Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V. (2014). Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 46(3), 904-911. doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0403-5
Buccino, G., Colagè, I., Silipo, F., & D’Ambrosio, P. (2019). The concreteness of abstract language: an ancient issue and a new perspective. Brain Structure and Function, 224(4), 1385-1401. doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01851-7
D’Angiulli, A., Griffiths, G., & Marmolejo-Ramos, F. (2015). Neural correlates of visualizations of concrete and abstract words in preschool children: a developmental embodied approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 856.
Diependaele, K., Brysbaert, M., & Neri, P. (2012). How Noisy is Lexical Decision? Frontiers in Psychology, 3(348). doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00348
Fahimi Hnazaee, M., Khachatryan, E., & Van Hulle, M. M. (2018). Semantic Features Reveal Different Networks During Word Processing: An EEG Source Localization Study. Frontiers in human neuroscience, 12(503). doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00503
Herbert, C., Kissler, J., Junghöfer, M., Peyk, P., & Rockstroh, B. (2006). Processing of emotional adjectives: Evidence from startle EMG and ERPs. Psychophysiology, 43(2), 197-206.
Hnazaee, M. F., & Hulle, M. M. V. (2017, 14-19 May 2017). Typicality effect on N400 ERP in categories despite differences in semantic processing. Paper presented at the 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN).
Hoffman, P., Binney, R. J., & Lambon Ralph, M. A. (2015). Differing contributions of inferior prefrontal and anterior temporal cortex to concrete and abstract conceptual knowledge. Cortex, 63, 250-266. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2014.09.001
Kanske, P., & Kotz, S. A. (2007). Concreteness in emotional words: ERP evidence from a hemifield study. Brain research, 1148, 138-148.
Kanske, P., & Kotz, S. A. (2010). Modulation of early conflict processing: N200 responses to emotional words in a flanker task. Neuropsychologia, 48(12), 3661-3664. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.021
Kissler, J., Herbert, C., Winkler, I., & Junghofer, M. (2009). Emotion and attention in visual word processing—An ERP study. Biological Psychology, 80(1), 75-83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.004
Kousta, S.-T., Vigliocco, G., Vinson, D. P., Andrews, M., & Del Campo, E. (2011). The representation of abstract words: why emotion matters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 140(1), 14.
Kuchinke, L., Jacobs, A. M., Grubich, C., Võ, M. L. H., Conrad, M., & Herrmann, M. (2005). Incidental effects of emotional valence in single word processing: An fMRI study. Neuroimage, 28(4), 1022-1032. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.050
Law, S.-P., Yum, Y.-N., & Wing-Lam Cheung, G. (2017). Neural correlates of concreteness effect in semantic processing of single Chinese characters using mixed-effects modeling. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 44, 223-238. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.07.001
Lee, C.-l., & Federmeier, K. D. (2008). To watch, to see, and to differ: An event-related potential study of concreteness effects as a function of word class and lexical ambiguity. Brain and language, 104(2), 145-158. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2007.06.002
Muraki, E. J., Cortese, F., Protzner, A. B., & Pexman, P. M. (2020). Heterogeneity in abstract verbs: An ERP study. Brain and language, 211, 104863. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104863
Osterhout, L., & Holcomb, P. J. (1992). Event-related brain potentials elicited by syntactic anomaly. Journal of Memory and Language, 31(6), 785-806. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-596X(92)90039-Z
Paivio, A. (1990). Mental representations: A dual coding approach: Oxford University Press.
Palazova, M., Sommer, W., & Schacht, A. (2013). Interplay of emotional valence and concreteness in word processing: An event-related potential study with verbs. Brain and language, 125(3), 264-271. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2013.02.008
Palmer, S. D., MacGregor, L. J., & Havelka, J. (2013). Concreteness effects in single-meaning, multi-meaning and newly acquired words. Brain research, 1538, 135-150. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.015
Pauligk, S., Kotz, S. A., & Kanske, P. (2019). Differential Impact of Emotion on Semantic Processing of Abstract and Concrete Words: ERP and fMRI Evidence. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 14439. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50755-3
Tsai, P.-S., Yu, B. H. Y., Lee, C.-Y., Tzeng, O. J. L., Hung, D. L., & Wu, D. H. (2009). An event-related potential study of the concreteness effect between Chinese nouns and verbs. Brain research, 1253, 149-160. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.080
Vigliocco, G., Meteyard, L., Andrews, M., & Kousta, S. (2009). Toward a theory of semantic representation. Language and Cognition, 1(2), 219-247. doi:10.1515/LANGCOG.2009.011
Wang, J., Baucom, L. B., & Shinkareva, S. V. (2013). Decoding abstract and concrete concept representations based on single‐trial fMRI data. Human Brain Mapping, 34(5), 1133-1147.
Wang, J., Conder, J. A., Blitzer, D. N., & Shinkareva, S. V. (2010). Neural representation of abstract and concrete concepts: A meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 31(10), 1459-1468.
Warriner, A. B., Kuperman, V., & Brysbaert, M. (2013). Norms of valence, arousal, and dominance for 13,915 English lemmas. Behavior Research Methods, 45(4), 1191-1207. doi:10.3758/s13428-012-0314-x
Wu, C., & Zhang, J. (2019). Conflict Processing is Modulated by Positive Emotion Word Type in Second Language: An ERP Study. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 48(5), 1203-1216. doi:10.1007/s10936-019-09653-y
Zhang, J., Wu, C., Yuan, Z., & Meng, Y. (2018). Different early and late processing of emotion-label words and emotion-laden words in a second language: An ERP study. Second Language Research, 36(3), 399-412.
Zhang, Q., Guo, C.-y., Ding, J.-h., & Wang, Z.-y. (2006). Concreteness effects in the processing of Chinese words. Brain and language, 96(1), 59-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.04.004