با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن عصب روان‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی عمومی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی تأثیر آموزش نوروفیدبک با باند فرکانس آلفا بر بهبود عملکرد حافظه فعال در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال بیش فعالی ـ نقص توجه انجام گرفت. روش: جهت اجرای این تحقیق 8 کودک مبتلا به بیش فعالی ـ نقص توجه با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند؛ این کودکان در 10 جلسه آموزش نوروفیدبک با پروتکل تقویت آلفا شرکت کردند. برای سنجش حافظه فعال، از آزمون N-Back و آزمون حافظه وکسلر (فراخنای ارقام) استفاده شد و داده‌های حاصل از تحقیق با روش تحلیل کوواریانس و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در سطح معناداری 05/0 p< بین نمره­های پیش­آزمون و پس­آزمون حافظه کاری تفاوت معنادار وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: این یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که آموزش نوروفیدبک موجب بهبود عملکرد حافظه فعال در کودکان مبتلا به اختلال بیش فعالی ـ نقص توجه شرکت کننده در تحقیق شد؛ درواقع افزایش نسبی دامنه در باند آلفا باعث بهبود حافظه فعال گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Neuorofeedback Instruction on the Improvement of the Working Memory of Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Oraki 1
  • Mahdieh Rahmanian 2
  • Nepton Tehrani 3
  • Shima Heydari 3

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training whith Alpha frequency band on the improvemet of the performance of working memory in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: To perform this study, eight children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were selected by random sampling. They participated in 10 sessions of neurofeedback training with Alpha up training Protocol. To evaluate the working memory, the N-Back Working Memory Test and Wechsler Memory Scale (Direct Numbers) were used. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis (ANCOVA) and SPSS. Results: Results showed that there was a significant difference between pretest and posttest (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
  • Neurofeedback
  • Working memory
آزمون N-Back. (1392). گزارشی از موسسه تخصصی فارمد.
کاپلان، ه. و سادوک، ب (1382). «خلاصه روان‌پزشکی بالینی». ترجمه: رفیعی، ح و رضاعی،
ف. تهران: انتشارات ارجمند.
مارنات. (1390). «راهنمای سنجش روان». ترجمه: پاشا شریفی، ح و نیک‌خو، م. تهران.
 
Alderson, R. M.; Rapport, M. D & Kofler, M. J. (2007). "Attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: A Meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 35, 745-758.
Alderson, R. M.; Rapport, M. D.; Sarver, D. E & Kofler, M. J. (2008). "Attention -deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: Ameta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 35 (5), 745-758.
Alloway, T. P.; Gathercole, S. E.; Adams, A.; Willis, C.; Eaglen, R & Lamont, E. (2005). "Working memory and phonological awareness as predictors of progress towards early learning goals at School entry". British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 23, 417-426.
Baddeley, A. (2007). "Working memory, thought, and action". NewYork: Oxford University Press.
Barabas A. Baraabas M. (1996). "Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: Neurological bases treatment alternative". Journal of Neurothrapy. 1.
Barkley, R. A. (1997). "Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive function: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD". Psychological Bulletin. 121, 65-94.
Bauer, R.H. (1976). "Short-term memory: EEG alpha correlates and the effect of increased alpha". Behavioral Biology. 17, 425-433.
Carlos escolano, Monica Aguilar, M. & Minguez, J. (2011). "EEG-based upper alpha neurofeedback training improves working memory performance". IEEE EMBC 2011, 2327-2330.
Conway, A. R. A.; Cowan, N.; Bunting, M. F.; Therriault, D. J. & Minkoff, S.R.B. (2002). "A latent variable analysis of working memory capacity, short-term memory capacity, processing speed, and general fluid intelligence". Intelligence. 30, 163-183.
De Jong, P. F. (1998). "Working memory deficits of reading disabled children". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 70, 75-96.
Egner, T. & Gruzelier, J. H. (2003). "Ecological validity of neurofeedback: modulation of slow wave EEG enhances musical performance". Neuroreport. 14, 1221-1224.
Fischer, R. A. (2005). "Young adult outcome of hyperactive children: Adaptive functioning in major life activities". Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.45, 192-202.
Gathercole, S. E. & Alloway, T. P. (2008). "Working memory and learning: A practical guide for teachers". NewYork: Sage.
Gathercole, S. E.; Pickering, S. J.; Knight, C. & Stegmann, Z. (2004)."Working memory skills and educational attainment: Evidence from national curriculum assessment at 7 and 14 years of age". Applied Cognitive Psychology. 18, 1-16.
Hanslmayr, S.; Sauseng, P.; Doppelmayr, M.; Schabus, M. & Klimesch, W. (2005). "Increasing individual upper alpha power by neurofeedback improves cognitive performance in human participants". Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 30, 1-10.
Kane, M. J.; Brown, M. W. & Silva, K. (2007). "Controlled-attention view of working memory capacity: Individual differences in memory span and the control of visual orienting". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 130, 169-183.
Klimesch, W. (1996). "Memory processes, brain oscillations and EEG synchronization". International Journal of Psychophysiology. 24, 61-100.
Klimesch, W. (1999). "EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 29,169-195.
Klimesch, W.; Doppelmayr, M. & Hanslmayr, S. (2006). "Upper alpha ERD and absolute power: their meaning for memory performance". Progress in Brain Research. 159,151-165.
Lijffijt, M.; Kenemans, L.; Verbaten, M.N., & van Engeland, H. (2005). "Ameta-analytic review of stopping performance in attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Deficient inhibitory motor control?" Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 114, 216-222.
Linden, M.; Habib, T.; & Radojevic, V. (1996). "A controlled study of the effects of EEG biofeedback on the cognition and behavior of children with attention deficit disorders and learning disabilities". Biofeedback and Self Regulation. 21(1), 35-49.
Lubar J.F. (2003)."Neuro feedback for the management of attention deficit disorder". In M.S. Schwart F.Andrasik (Eds) Biofeedback: A paracititions gvide.
Rapport, M. D.; Chung, K. M.; Shore, G & Isaacs, P. (2001). "Aconceptual model of child psychopathology: Implications for understanding attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treatment efficacy". Journal of Clinical Child Psychology -Special Edition. 30, 48-58.
Rapport, M. D.; Kofler, M. J.; Alderson, R. M & Raiker, J. S. (2008). "Attention -Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorde"r. In M. Hersen & D. Reitman (Eds.), Handbook of Psychological Assessment, Case Conceptualization and Treatment, Volume 2: Children and Adolescents (pp. 349-404). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Rapport, M. D.; Scanlan, S. W.; & Denney, C. B. (1999). "Attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and scholastic achievement: A model of dual developmental pathways". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 40, 1169-1183.
Sterman, M. B. & Shouse, M. N. (1980). "Quantitative analyses of training sleep EEG and clinical response to EEG on epilepsy" .15, 395-416.
Stipacek, A.; Grabner, R. H.; Neuper, C.; Fink, A. & Neubauer, A. C. (2003). "Sensitivity of human EEG alpha band desynchronization to different working memory components and increasing levels of memory load". Neuroscience Letters. 353, 193-196.
Vernon, D. J. (2005). "Can neurofeedback training enhance performance? An evaluation of the evidence with implications for future research". Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback. 30, 347-364.
Zoefel, B.; Huster, R. J. & Herrmann, C. S. (2011). "Neurofeedback training of the upper alpha frequency band in EEG improves cognitive performance". NeuroImage. 54, 1427-1431.