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مقایسه تأثیر تعداد محرک-پاسخ و ناهمزمانی آغاز دو محرک بر دوره بی‌پاسخی روانشناختی در افراد ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 دانشیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: یکی از موضوعاتی که در بسیاری از مهارت‌های ورزشی اهمیت فراوانی دارد دوره بی‌پاسخی روانشناختی است که تاخیر در پاسخ به محرک‌هایی است که با فاصله کوتاهی از هم ارائه می‌شوند. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه تأثیر تعداد محرک-پاسخ و فاصله بین دو محرک بر دوره بی‌پاسخی روانشناختی در افراد ورزشکار و غیرورزشکار است. روش‌شناسی: تحقیق حاضر از نوع نیمه تجربی و در حوزة پژوهش‌های بنیادی-کاربردی است. تعداد 15 نفر از دانشجویان پسر ورزشکار و ۱۵ نفر غیرورزشکار دانشگاه (سن 08/1±25/22 سال) به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری در دسترس هدفمند انتخاب شدند. ابزار اندازه‌گیری شامل دستگاه سنجش زمان واکنش‌های متوالی، لپ‌تاپ msi ساخت کشور چین و پرسشنامه دست برتری آنت بود. از همة شرکت‌کنندگان آزمون تکلیف دوره بی‌پاسخی روانشناختی شامل چهار تعداد محرک-پاسخ مختلف (یک، دو، چهار و هشت) برای محرک اول و دوم و چهار فاصلة زمانی (100، 200، 400 و 600 هزارم ثانیه) بین دو محرک بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون‌های آماری تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه 4×4×۲ با اندازه‌گیری مکرر همراه با آزمون پیگردی بنفرونی استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که در فواصل زمانی بیشتر و در تعداد محرک- پاسخ‌های کمتر، دوره بی‌پاسخی روانشناختی کوتاه‌تری داشته‌اند. همچنین در تعداد محرک-پاسخ هشت انتخابی تفاوت معناداری بین ورزشکاران و غیرورزشکاران وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: به‌نظر می‌رسد در تعداد محرک-پاسخ‌های بیشتر، بر طبق نظریه تک‌کانالی ولفورد، به دلیل اینکه کانال دیرتر خالی می‌شود، دوره بی‌پاسخی روانشناختی طولانی‌تری رخ می‌دهد. ورزشکاران بدلیل تجربة چالش‌های بیشتر در ورزش و آمادگی سیستم عصب- عضلانی، در تکالیف واکنشی دشوارتر بهتر از غیرورزشکاران عمل می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Effect of number of stimulus-response and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony two stimuli on the Psychological refractory period in athletes and non-athletes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammadreza Doustan 1
  • Mohammad Rahiminia 2
  • Seyede Nahid Shetab Boushehri 3

1 Assistant professor of Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

2 MA of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Associate professor of Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: One of the topics that is important in many sports skills is the Psychological refractory period that is a delay in responding to stimuli that are presented in short intervals. The aim of recent research is the effect of number of simulation-response and Stimulus Onset Asynchrony on Psychological refractory period in athlete and non- athlete person. Methods: This research is a semi-experiment and field of fundamental-applied research. 15 athletes and 15 non-athlete students of university (22.25±1.08 years) were selected by convenience targeted sampling. The instrument was Serial Reaction Time Measuring Apparatus, msi notebook and Annett Hand Preference Questionnaire. From all participants, task test the taken using a psychological refractory period included the number of different response stimuli (one, two, four and eight) for the first and second stimuli and four time intervals (100,200,400 and 600 milliseconds) between the two stimuli. data using analysis of oneway variance tests of 4×4×2 with repeated measures with Bonferroni test were used. Results: The results showed that at more time intervals and in the number of stimuli-less responses, there was a shorter psychological refractory period. Also, there is a significant difference between the athletes and non-athletes in the number of stimulus-response eight-choice. Coclusion: It seems that in more number of stimulus-responses, according to Welfard's single-channel theory, because the later channel is empty, a longer Psychological refractory period occurs. Athletes, due to the experience of more challenges in exercise and the Preparation neuropsychology muscular system, in more difficult tasks, they perform better than non-athletes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Number of stimulus-response
  • Hick's law
  • psychological refractory period
  • Dual task
  • Stimulus Onset Asynchrony
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عصب روان شناسی
دوره 7، شماره 24 - شماره پیاپی 24
خرداد 1400
صفحه 103-130
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هم رسانی
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