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ارتقای کارکردهای اجرایی در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی؛ ساخت و روایی‌یابی یک برنامه مبتنی بر داربست مادری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی، پژوهشکده اخلاق و تربیت، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و طمالعات فرهنگی، تهران، ایران.

2 دکتری تخصصی روان‌شناسی سلامت، مدیر بخش پژوهش، مرکز نوروساینس پارند، تهران، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تحول سریع پیوندهای عصبی در کودکیِ اولیه، این دوره از زندگی را تبدیل به یک دورۀ طلایی برای آموزش شناختی کرده است. مادر از کانال داربست والدینی می‌تواند سهم مهمی در این آموزش شناختی داشته باشد. با چنین نگاهی، هدف از پژوهش حاضر ساخت و اعتباریابی یک بستۀ آموزشی مبتنی بر داربست مادری برای ارتقای توجه اجرایی در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی بوده است. مطالعه در سه فاز انجام شد. در فاز اول، با مرور پژوهش‌های گذشته، مؤلفه‌های داربست والدینیِ مرتبط با کارکردهای اجرایی شناسایی شدند. در فاز دوم به روش تحلیل اَسنادی و با ادغام مؤلفه‌های داربست والدینی احصاء شده از قبل، بستۀ آموزشی ارتقای کارکردهای اجرایی ساخته شد. در فاز سوم، بسته آموزشی تدوین‌شده، اعتباریابی شد. در این گام، مطالعه به روش نیمه تجربی انجام شد و طرح پژوهش، تک‌گروهی بوده است. شرکت‌کنندگان شامل 16 مادر دارای فرزند 5/3 تا 5 ساله بودند که داوطلبانه همراه با کودکان خود در دوره شرکت کرده بودند. ابزارهای اندازه‌گیری عبارت بوده‌اند از تکلیف استروپ روز و شب (گرشتات و همکاران، 1994)، تکلیف انتخاب منعطف آیتم (ژاک و زلازو، 2001) و تکلیف فراخنای ارقام (وکسلر، 2003). نتایج نشان داد این بسته آموزشی بر ارتقای ابعاد سه‌گانه کارکردهای اجرایی اثربخش بوده و این اثربخشی در طول زمان نیز حفظ شده است. بر اساس این مطالعه، مادر می‌تواند فهم دقیق‌تری از تحول شناختی فرزند خود به‌دست بیاورد و ضمن آگاهی از نقش خود در این تحول، با انجام بازی‌ها و فعالیت‌های مشمول در این بسته به رشد شناختی فرزند خود کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving the Executive Functions of the Brain in Preschool Children; Construction and Validation of a Program based on Maternal Scaffolding

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rouhollah Shahabi 1
  • masoud nosratabadi 2
  • Fatemeh Shirin 3

1 Assistant Prof., Department of Psychology, Faculty of Ethic & Education, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. Tehran, Iran.

2 Ph.D. In Health Psychology, Head of Research Department, Paarand Neuroscience center, Tehran, Iran.

3 MSc. In Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University, Science & Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

The aim of this study is to develop and validation a training program based on maternal scaffolding to improve executive attention (inhibition, shifting, and updating working memory) in pre-school children. This study has been carried out in three phases. Within the first phase, upon reviewing previous projects, the dimensions and components of parental scaffolding that relevance to executive functions were identified. In the 2nd phase, under documentary analysis methodology, a training program for improve of the executive functions in pre-school children, was presented. The components of parental scaffolding that relevance to executive functions, were merged to games and activities of this program. In the third phase, the prepared program sought validation. Based on the plan of this project, a single group pursued pre-test, first post-test, and second post-test assessments. The participants included sixteen mothers with 3-6-year-old children, who participated in the course with their children, and were selected voluntarily. The measurement tools applied in this study were Day/Night Stroop task (Gerstadt et al.,1994), flexible item selection task (Jacques & Zelazo, 2001) digit span task (Wechsler, 2003). The results showed that this program was highly effective for improve of three dimensions of executive functions, and this effectiveness has been maintained constantly. Overall, based on this study, mothers can attain a more accurate perception of the cognitive development of their children and assist the cognitive growth of their children upon performing the games and activities covered by this program; while concurrently understanding their role in this development.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Executive Functions
  • Maternal Scaffolding
  • Preschool Children
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عصب روان شناسی
دوره 8، شماره 31 - شماره پیاپی 31
بهمن 1401
صفحه 51-63
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هم رسانی
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