با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن عصب روان‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکده روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه خوارزمی. تهران. ایران.

2 کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی زنجان. روان‌شناس بهزیستی شهر زنجان. زنجان. ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: رفتارهای پرخطر یکی از دلایل مهم مرگ‌ومیر در دوره نوجوانی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی الگوی روابط ساختاری فعالیت سیستم­های مغزی رفتاری، راهبردهای فرایندی نظم­جویی هیجان و رفتارهای پرخطر بود. روش: 410 نفر (210 دختر و 200 نفر پسر) از دانش­آموزان شهر کرج با استفاده از نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله­ای انتخاب شدند و توسط پرسشنامه رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان، مقیاس‌ پنج عاملی جکسون و پرسشنامه نظم­جویی هیجان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. پس از گردآوری داده‌ها نرم‌افزارهای Lisrel و SPSS برای تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. یافته­ها: یافته‌ها نشان که سیستم بازداری رفتاری (BIS)، سیستم فعال‌ساز رفتاری (BAS) و مؤلفه‌های سیستم ستیز/گریز/انجماد (FFFS) تأثیر مستقیم بر رفتارهای پرخطر دارد. علاوه بر این، ارزیابی مجدد تجارب هیجانی با تعدیل اثر فعالیت سیستم­های مغزی رفتاری در رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان نقش میانجی­گر کاهشی دارد، درحالی­که فرونشانی تجارب هیجانی با تعدیل فعالیت سیستم­های مغزی رفتاری در رفتارهای پرخطر نوجوانان نقش میانجی­گر مستقیم دارد. نتیجه­گیری: به‌طور کلی یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر از نقش پایه­های زیستی شخصیت و راهبردهای نظم­جویی هیجان در بروز رفتارهای پرخطر حمایت می­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Structural Relationship Model of Brain\ Behavior Systems Activity, Process Emotion Regulation Strategies and Risky Behavior

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jafar Hassani 1
  • Zahra Khalaji 2

1 Associated Professor, Clinical Psychology Department, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.

2 M.A in Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University of Zanjan, Zanjan Welfare Psychologist, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Risky behaviors are one of the most important causes of mortality in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of structural relationships between brain-behavioral systems activity, process emotion regulation strategies and risky behaviors. Method: 410 students (210 females and 200 males) were selected from the students of Karaj using multistage cluster sampling and assessed by adolescents’ risky behaviors questionnaire, Jackson Factor Scale, and emotional ordering questionnaire. After collecting data, Lisrel software and SPSS software were used for data analysis. Findings: The findings show that BAS, BAS and FFFS components have a direct effect on risky behaviors. Additionally, the reappraisal of emotional experiences by reducing the effect of the activity of brain-behavioral systems in the risky behaviors of adolescents has a mediator role, while the suppression of emotional experiences by mediating the activity of brain-behavioral systems in high-risk behaviors of adolescents has a direct mediator role. Conclusion: In general, the findings of this study support the role of physiological bases of personality and emotion regulation strategies in the incidence of risky behaviors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Risky Behaviors
  • Emotional Regulation
  • Personality
  • Brain-behavioral systems
حسنی، ج؛ صالحی، س.؛ رسولی آزاد، م (1391). «خصوصیات روان‌سنجی پرسشنامه پنج عاملی جکسون: مقیاس­های نظریه تجدیدنظر شده حساسیت به تقویت». پژوهش در سلامت روان­شناختی، 6 (3)، 60-73.
زاده محمدی، ع؛ احمدآبادی، ز.؛ حیدری، م (1390). «تدوین و بررسی ویژگی­های روان­سنجی مقیاس خطرپذیری نوجوانان ایرانی». مجله روان‌پزشکی و روانشناسی بالینی، سال هفدهم، شماره 3، 218- 225.
 
 
 
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S. & Schweizer, S. (2010). "Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review". Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237.
 
Balconi, M., Finocchiaro, R. & Canavesio, Y. (2014). "Reward-system effect (BAS rating), left hemispheric “unbalance” (alpha band oscillations) and decisional impairments in drug addiction". Addictive Behaviors, 39(6), 1026-1032.
 
Beanland, V., Sellbom, M. & Johnson, A. K. (2014). "Personality domains and traits that predict self-reported aberrant driving behaviours in a southeastern US university sample". Accident Analysis & Prevention, 72, 184-192.
 
Berdoulat, E., Vavassori, D. & Sastre, M.T.M. (2013). "Driving anger, emotional and instrumental aggressiveness, and impulsiveness in the prediction of aggressive and transgressive driving". Accident Analysis & Prevention, 50, 758-767.
 
Boyer, T. W. (2006). "The development of risk-taking: A multi-perspective review". Developmental Review, 26(3), 291-345.
 
Corr, P.J. (2004). "Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 317-332.
 
Corr, P.J. (2008). Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST): Introduction.
 
Corr, P.J. (2011). "Anxiety: Splitting the phenomenological atom". Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), 889-897.
 
Corr, P.J. (2016). "Reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality questionnaires: Structural survey with recommendations". Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 60-64.
 
Corr, P.J., & McNaughton, N. (2012). "Neuroscience and approach/ avoidance personality traits: A two stage (valuation–motivation) approach". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(10), 2339-2354.
 
Dissabandara, L.O., Loxton, N.J., Dias, S.R., Daglish, M., & Stadlin, A. (2012). "Testing the fear and anxiety distinction in the BIS/BAS scales in community and heroin-dependent samples". Personality and Individual Differences, 52(8), 888-892.
 
Fox, H., Axelrod, S., Paliwal, P., Sleeper, J. & Sinha, R. (2007). "Difficulties in emotion regulation and impulse control during cocaine abstinence". Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 89(2), 298-301.
 
Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V. & Spinhoven, P. (2001). "Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems". Personality and Individual Differences, 30(8), 1311-1327.
 
Gray, J.A. (1970). "The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion". Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(3), 249-266.
 
Gray, J. A. (1991). The neuropsychology of temperament Explorations in temperament (pp. 105-128): Springer.
 
Gray, J. & McNaughton, N. (2000). Fundamentals of the septo-hippocampal system. The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Functions of Septo-hippocampal System, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 204-232.
 
Gray, J. A. & McNaughton, N. (2003). The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the function of the septo-hippocampal system: Oxford University press.
 
Gross, J.J. (2008). "Emotion regulation". Handbook of emotions, 3, 497-513.
 
Gross, J. J. (2015). "Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects". Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1-26.
 
Gross, J.J. & Jazaieri, H. (2014). "Emotion, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: An affective science perspective". Clinical Psychological Science, 2(4), 387-401.
 
Gross, J.J. & John, O.P. (2003). "Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362.
 
Headley, S. (2002). "Young adolescents' well-being and health-risk behaviors: Gender and socioeconomic differences. (Mental health) ". Youth Studies Australia, 21(2), 63-64.
 
Hessler, D.M. & Katz, L.F. (2010). "Brief report: Associations between emotional competence and adolescent risky behavior". Journal of َ dolescence, 33(1), 241-246.
 
Hundt, N.E., Nelson-Gray, R.O. Kimbrel, N.A., Mitchell, J.T. & Kwapil, T.R. (2007). "The interaction of reinforcement sensitivity and life events in the prediction of anhedonic depression and mixed anxiety-depression symptoms". Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1001-1012.
 
Jackson, C.J. (2009). "Jackson-5 scales of revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) and their application to dysfunctional real world outcomes". Journal of Research in Personality, 43(4), 556-569.
 
John, O.P. & Gross, J.J. (2004). "Healthy and unhealthy emotion regulation: Personality processes, individual differences, and life span development". Journal of Personality, 72(6), 1301-1334.
 
John, O.P. & Gross, J.J. (2007). "Individual differences in emotion regulation". Handbook of emotion regulation, 351-372.
 
Johnson, S.L. (2005). "Mania and dysregulation in goal pursuit: A review". Clinical Psychology Review, 25(2), 241-262.
 
Jöreskog, K.G. & Sörbom, D. (2003). LISREL 8.54. Structural equation modeling with the Simplis command language.
 
Hasani, J. (2016). "Persian Version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity". International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 10(4), 156-161.
 
Kimbrel, N.A. (2008). "A model of the development and maintenance of generalized social phobia". Clinical Psychology Review, 28(4), 592-612.
 
Kimbrel, N.A., Mitchell, J.T. & Nelson-Gray, R.O. (2010). "An examination of the relationship between behavioral approach system (BAS) sensitivity and social interaction anxiety". Journal of anxiety disorders, 24(3), 372-378.
 
Kimbrel, N.A., Nelson-Gray, R.O. & Mitchell, J. T. (2012). "BIS, BAS, and bias: The role of personality and cognitive bias in social anxiety". Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 395-400.
 
Kline, R.B. (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling: Guilford publications.
 
Lynch, T.R., Trost, W.T., Salsman, N. & Linehan, M. M. (2007). "Dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder". Annual Review of Clinical Psychoogy. 3, 181-205.
 
McNaughton, N. & Corr, P.J. (2004). "A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance". Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 285-305.
 
McNaughton, N. & Corr, P.J. (2008). "The neuropsychology of fear and anxiety: A foundation for reinforcement sensitivity theory". The reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality, 44-94.
 
Meerkerk, G.J., van den Eijnden, R.J., Franken, I. & Garretsen, H. (2010). "Is compulsive internet use related to sensitivity to reward and punishment, and impulsivity"? Computers in Human Behavior, 26(4), 729-735.
 
Mennin, D. & Farach, F. (2007). "Emotion and evolving treatments for adult psychopathology". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14(4), 329-352.
 
O’Connor, R.M., Stewart, S.H. & Watt, M. C. (2009). "Distinguishing BAS risk for university students’ drinking, smoking, and gambling behaviors". Personality and Individual Differences, 46(4), 514-519.
 
Parr, M.N., Ross, L.A., McManus, B., Bishop, H.J., Wittig, S.M. & Stavrinos, D. (2016). "Differential impact of personality traits on distracted driving behaviors in teens and older adults". Accident Analysis & Prevention, 92, 107-112.
 
Rottenberg, J. & Gross, J.J. (2007). "Emotion and emotion regulation: A map for psychotherapy researchers". Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14(4), 323-328.
 
Rottenberg, J., Gross, J.J. & Gotlib, I.H. (2005). "Emotion context insensitivity in major depressive disorder". Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(4), 627.
 
Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., Radu, P., Blechert, J. & Gross, J.J. (2014). "Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(1), 163.
 
Sheppes, G., Suri, G. & Gross, J.J. (2015). "Emotion regulation and psychopathology". Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 379-405.
 
Starkey, N.J. & Isler, R.B. (2016). "The role of executive function, personality and attitudes to risks in explaining self-reported driving behaviour in adolescent and adult male drivers". Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 38, 127-136.
 
Tamir, M., Mitchell, C. & Gross, J.J. (2008). "Hedonic and instrumental motives in anger regulation". Psychological Science, 19(4), 324-328.
 
Tapper, K., Baker, L., Jiga-Boy, G., Haddock, G. & Maio, G.R. (2015). "Sensitivity to reward and punishment: Associations with diet, alcohol consumption, and smoking". Personality and Individual Differences, 72(0), 79-84.
 
Taubman–Ben-Ari, O., Kaplan, S., Lotan, T. & Prato, C.G. (2016). "The combined contribution of personality, family traits, and reckless driving intentions to young men’s risky driving: What role does anger play"? Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 42, 299-306.
 
Teo, T. & Noyes, J. (2014). "Explaining the intention to use technology among pre-service teachers: a multi-group analysis of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology". Interactive Learning Environments, 22(1), 51-66.