In collaboration with Payame Noor University and Iran Neuropsychology Association

Document Type : Original article

Authors

1 PhD student, Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 PhD student, Measurement and Evaluation, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Psychology and Education , Department of Measurement and Evaluation, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Several studies have shown that exposure to acute stress can affect many cognitive functions. In this study, the decision-making process affected by external stressors has been investigated.Method: The present study, from the perspective of methodology is placed in the category of experimental methods (pre-test/post-test with control and experimental groups). for this reason, among the students of department of psychology of Semnam University,a sample contained of 120 students,conveniently token and after screening, for matching the groups, 30 women and 30 men, randomly placed in gender groups of experiment and control. For assessing risky and rational decision making, Iowa Gambling Task, and for assessing state stress of participants, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults have been used.Data, analyzed with covariance analyze. Results: Results demonstrated that experimental groups in both women and men, after watching thriller movie tend to make more risky decisions (pDiscussion: It seems that feeling acute stress can disturb decision making process and cause people to make risky decisions.Ttherefore, paying attention to the role of coping with stress becomes more significant.

Keywords

دهقانی، ا.  و کجباف، م. ب (1392)." رابطه سخت رویی با سبک های مقابله با استرس در دانشجویان". فصلنامه دانش وتندرستی. دوره 8، شماره3، ص 118-112.
صفریزدی، ز. و نجاتی، و (1391)."مقایسه تکانش گری و تصمیم گیری مخاطره آمیز افراد چاق با افراد دارای وزن عادی". دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قزوین 1. ص 58-64.
میرنسب، م،م. و غباری بناب،ب(1386)." رابطه مولفه های اسناد مذهبی و غیرمذهبی با اضطراب و افسردگی در دانش آموزان تیزهوش و عادی". مجله علوم روانشناختی. دوره 6، شماره 21. ص 23-5.
نادری، ع. و سیف نراقی، م(۱۳۹۰)." روش‌های تحقیق و چگونگی ارزشیابی آن در علوم انسانی (با تاکید بر علوم تربیتی).تهران، نشر ارسباران.
نجاتی، و(1392). ارتباط بین کارکردهای اجرایی مغز با تصمیم گیری پرخطر در دانشجویان. تحقیقات علوم رفتاری. 4. ص 278-270.
 
Arnsten A. F (1998). The biology of being frazzled. Science, 280(5370), 1711.
Barati M., Allahverdipour, H., Hidarnia, A., & Niknami, S. (2015). Predicting Tobacco Smoking Among Male Adolescents in Hamadan City, West of Iran in 2014: An Application of the Prototype Willingness Model. Journal of research in health sciences, 15(2), 113-118.
Bechara, A., Damasio, A. R., Damasio, H., & Anderson, S. W. (1994). Insensitivity to future consequences following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50(1), 7-15.
Brehmer,B.(1992).Dynamic decision making: Human control of complex systems. Acta psychologica, 81(3), 211-241.
 
Buelow, M. T., & Blaine, A. L. (2015). The assessment of risky decision making: A factor analysis of performance on the Iowa Gambling Task, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, and Columbia Card Task. Psychological assessment, 27(3), 777.
Cohen, M. S., Freeman, J. T., & Wolf, S.(1996). Metarecognition in time-stressed decision making:Recognizing, critiquing, and correcting. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 38(2), 206-219.
De Vries, M., Holland, R. W., & Witteman, C. L. (2008). In the winning mood: Affect in the Iowa gambling task. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(1), 42.
Dietrich, C. (2010). Decision making: factors that influence decision making, heuristics used, and decision outcomes. Student Pulse, 2(02).
Dunn, B. D., Dalgleish, T., & Lawrence, A. D. (2006). The somatic marker hypothesis: A critical evaluation. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 30(2), 239-271.
Faigel, H. C. (1991). The effect of beta blockade on stress-induced cognitive dysfunction in adolescents. Clinical pediatrics, 30(7), 441-445.Fischhoff, B. (1992). Risk taking: a developmental perspective.
Fischhoff, B.(1998). Committee on Risk Perception and Communication Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources National Research Council. Change, 1, 8111.
Fisher, A., Manicavasagar, V., Kiln, F., & Juraskova, I. (2016). Communication and decision-making in mental health: A systematic review focusing on Bipolar disorder.Patient education and counseling.
Gerrard,M.,Gibbons,F. X., Houlihan, A. E., Stock, M. L., & Pomery, E. A.(2008).A dual-process approach to health risk decision making: The prototype willingness model. Developmental Review,28(1), 29-61.
Gibbons, F. X., & Gerrard, M. (1995). Predicting young adults' health risk behavior. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(3), 505.
Gigerenzer, G., Todd, P.M., Group, t.A.R., 1999. Simple Heuristics that Make Us Smart. Oxford University Press, New York.
Gillis, J. S. (1993). Effects of life stress and dysphoria on complex judgments. Psychological reports, 72(3c), 1355-1363.
Glimcher, P. W., & Fehr, E. (Eds.). (2013). Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain. Academic Press.
Gray, J. R. (1999). A bias toward short-term thinking in threat-related negative emotional states. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(1), 65-75.
Hammond, K. R. (2000). Judgments under stress. Oxford University Press on Demand.
J. Ogden. (2007) Health behaviours. In Essential readings in health psychology (p. 124). McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Kahneman, Daniel; Klein, Gary (2009). "Conditions for intuitive expertise: A failure to disagree". American Psychologist 64 (6): 515–526.
Kipke, M., Crowell, N. A., & Fischhoff, B. (Eds.).(1999). Adolescent Decision Making:: Implications for Prevention Programs: Summary of a Workshop. National Academies Press.
Klein, G. (1996). The effect of acute stressors on decision making. Stress and human performance, 49-88.
 
Klein, G. (2008). Naturalistic decision making. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 50(3), 456-460.
Kreitler, S. (2013). Cognition and motivation: Forging an interdisciplinary perspective.
Kubrick, S. (1980). The shining [Motion picture]. United States: Warner Brothers.
Kurspahić-Mujčić, A., Hadžagić-Ćatibušić, F., Sivić, S., & Hadžović, E. (2014). Association between high levels of stress and risky health behavior. Med Glas (Zenica), 11(2), 367-372.
Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping theory and research: past, present, and future. Psychosomatic medicine, 55(3), 234-247.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1986). Cognitive theories of stress and the issue of circularity. In Dynamics of stress (pp. 63-80). Springer US.
LeBlanc, V. R. (2009). The effects of acute stress on performance: implications for health professions education. Academic Medicine, 84(10), S25-S33.
Leder, J., Häusser, J. A., & Mojzisch, A. (2015). Exploring the underpinnings of impaired strategic decision-making under stress. Journal of Economic Psychology, 49, 133-140
Mason,J.W.,1968.A review of psychoendocrine research on the sympathetic–adrenal medullary system. Psychosom. Med. 30, 631–653.
McEwen, B. S., & Sapolsky, R. M. (1995). Stress and cognitive function. Current opinion in neurobiology, 5(2), 205-216.
Moreno-Villanueva, M., & Bürkle, A. (2015). Molecular consequences of psychological stress in human aging. Experimental gerontology, 68, 39-42.
 Parker, A. M., de Bruin, W. B., & Fischhoff, B. (2015). Negative decision outcomes are more common among people with lower decision-making competence: an item-level analysis of the Decision Outcome Inventory (DOI). Frontiers in psychology, 6.
Pflanz, S. E., & Ogle, A. D. (2006). Job stress, depression, work performance, and perceptions of supervisors in military personnel. Military medicine, 171(9), 861-865.
Plous, S. (1993). The psychology of judgment and decision making. Mcgraw-Hill Book Company.
Reason, J. (1990). Human error. Cambridge university press.
Reyna, V. F., & Rivers, S. E. (2008). Current theories of risk and rational decision making. Developmental review: DR, 28(1), 1.
Schwartz, B. (2004, January). The paradox of choice: Why more is less. New York: Ecco.
Selye,H.(1964),From Dream­ to Discovery, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.
Selye, H. (1973). The Evolution of the Stress Concept: The originator of the concept traces its development from the discovery in 1936 of the alarm reaction to modern therapeutic applications of syntoxic and catatoxic hormones. American scientist, 61(6), 692-699.
Selye, H. (1987), Stress without Distress, Transworld, London.
Shansky, R. M., & Lipps, J. (2013). Stress-induced cognitive dysfunction: hormone-neurotransmitter interactions in the prefrontal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013; 7, 123.
Shields, G. S., Lam, J. C., Trainor, B. C., & Yonelinas, A. P. (2016). Exposure to acute stress enhances decision-making competence: Evidence for the role of DHEA. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 67, 51-60.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., Lushene, R. E., Vagg, P. R., & Jacobs, G. A. (1977). State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults. Redwood City, CA: Mind Garden.
Stankovic, A., Fairchild, G., Aitken, M. R., & Clark, L. (2014). Effects of psychosocial stress on psychophysiological activity during risky decision-making in male adolescents. International Journal of Psychophysiology,93(1), 22-29.
Starcke, K., & Brand, M. (2012). Decision making under stress: a selective review. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 36(4), 1228-1248.
Steinbeis, N., Engert, V., Linz, R., & Singer, T. (2015). The effects of stress and affiliation on social decision-making: Investigating the tend-and-befriend pattern. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 62, 138-148.
Strough, J., Karns, T. E., & Schlosnagle, L. (2011). Decision‐making heuristics and biases across the life span. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1235(1), 57-74.
Weber, E. U., & Johnson, E. J. (2008). Decisions under uncertainty: Psychological, economic, and neuroeconomic explanations of risk preference. Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain, 127-144.
Yu, R.(2016). Stress potentiates decision biases: A stress induced deliberation-to-intuition (SIDI) model. Neurobiology of Stress, 3, 83-95.
Yuen, E. Y., Wei, J., Liu, W., Zhong, P., Li, X., & Yan, Z. (2012). Repeated stress causes cognitive impairment by suppressing glutamate receptor expression and function in prefrontal cortex.Neuron,73(5),962-977.