با همکاری مشترک دانشگاه پیام نور و انجمن عصب روان‌شناسی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

مقدمه: با توجه به مشکلات افراد مبتلا به بیش فعالی و نقص توجه در درک هیجانات و اهمیت این امر در کیفیت روابط اجتماعی پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر درمان نوروفیدبک بر بهبود تشخیص هیجانات چشم انجام شد. روش: به این منظور ۲۴ فرد بزرگسال که شامل ۱۲ مرد و ۱۲ زن بودند در رده سنی ۱۹ تا ۳۵ سال انتخاب و در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. این افراد با آزمون سنجش بیش‌فعالی بزرگسالان و مصاحبه ارزیابی و به شرط عدم وجود نشانه‌های دیگر اختلالات روانی که با آزمون SCL-90 سنجیده می‌شود وارد پژوهش شدند. از همه افراد ثبت الکتروآنسفالوگرافی به عمل آمد و همگی به آزمون تشخیص هیجانات چشم پاسخ دادند. گروه آزمایشی در ۱۵ جلسه درمان نوروفیدبک نیز شرکت کردند و سپس هر دو گروه مجدد مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که افراد گروه آزمایش بعد از جلسات نوروفیدبک عملکرد بهتری نسبت به گروه کنترل داشتند و تفاوت میان آن‌ها معنی‌دار بود. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان گفت عملکرد افراد در تشخیص هیجانات محدود به نورون‌های آینه­ای کلاسیک نبوده و پردازش‌های هیجانی در مناطقی فراتر از آنچه تحت عنوان نورون‌های آینه­ای شناخته می‌شود صورت می‌پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of stimulation of mirror neurons on the detection of eye emotion in overactive adults

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad oraki 1
  • Maryam Zamani 2

1 Associate Professor of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Iran.

2 Ph.D Student of Psychology, Payame Noor University, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Aim:Regarding the problems of people with ADHD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its importance in the quality of social relationships, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of neurofeedback therapy on improvement of eye emotion recognition. Method: For this purpose, 24 adults including 12 males and 12 females between the ages of 19 to 25 years were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The subjects were evaluated by an adult ADHD test and interview, and provided that no other symptoms of mental disorders were measured by the SCL-90 test. All subjects were recorded electroencephalographically and all responded to eye emotion recognition test. The experimental group also participated in 15 sessions of neurofeedback treatment and then both groups were re-evaluated. Results: The results showed that the experimental group performed better than the control group after the neurofeedback sessions and the difference between them was significant. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that individuals' performance in emotion recognition is not limited to classical mirror neurons and emotional processing takes place in areas beyond what is known as mirror neurons.
 
 


کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mirror neurons
  • Eye emotion recognition
  • Hyperactivity
  • Neurofeedback
American Psychiatric Association  (2013). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 964-372-012-8.
Augustine, J. R. (1996). “Circuitry and functional aspects of the insular lobe in primates including humans”. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 22(3):229-294.
 Azam Rajabian, A. (2016). “Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Treatment on ADHD Children”. Exceptional Education. 8 (136) :50-56.
Barkley, Russel. A.; Morphy, Kevin. R.; Fischer, Mariellen. (2010). ADHD in adults. The Guilford Press, New York, London.
Bastiaansen, J. A. C. J.; Thioux, M.; Keysers, C. (b2009). “Evidence for mirror systems in emotions”. The Royal Society, 364, 2391–2404. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0058.
Carr, L., Iacoboni, M., Dubeau, M.C., Mazziotta, J.C., & Lenzi, G.L. (2003). “Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: a relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, USA, 100, 5497-5502.
Carrillo, M.; Han, Y.; Migliorati, F.; Liu, Ming.; Gazzola, V. and et al. (2019). "Emotional Mirror Neurons in the Rat’s Anterior Cingulate Cortex". Current Biology. 29(8): 1301-1312. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.024.
Cortez-Carbonell I, Cerić F. (2017). “Emotion recognition of facial expressions in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/Reconocimiento de emociones de expresiones faciales en adultos con trastorno de hiperactividad con déficit de atención”. Estudios de Psicología. 2017;38(1):230-57.
Coudé, G. and  Ferrari, P. F.  (2019). "Reflections on the differential organization of mirror neuron systems for hand and mouth and their role in the evolution of communication in primates". Interaction Studies, Volume 19, Issue 1-2, p. 38 – 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/is.17037.cou
Demos, John (2005). Getting started with Neurofeedback. W.W. Norton and Company New York. London.
Fabbri-Destro1, Maddalena and Rizzolatti, Giacomo (2008). “Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans”. PHYSIOLOGY. 23: 171–179; doi:10.1152/physiol.00004.2008.
Ge, Sheng; Ding, Meng-Yuan; Zhangi, Zheng; Lin, Pan; Gao, Jun-Feng; Wang, Rui-Min; Sun, Gao-Peng; Iramina, Keiji; Dengi, Hui-Hua; Yang, Yuan-Kui and Leng, Yue (2017) “Temporal-Spatial Features of Intention Understanding Based on EEG-fNIRS Bimodal Measurement”. Digital Object Identifier, Volume 510.1109/ACCESS.2017.2723428.
Heiser, M.; Iacoboni, M.; Maeda, F.; Marcus. J. and Mazziotta, J. C. (2003). “The essential role of Broca’s area in imitation”. Eur J Neurosci. 17(5):1123-1128.
Heyes, Cecilia (2010). “Mesmerising mirror neurons”. NeuroImage, 51. 789–791.
Iacoboni, M. and Dapretto, M. (2006). “The mirror neuronsys tem and the consequences of its dysfunction”. Nat Rev Neurosci. 7(12): 942-51.
Iacoboni, Marco and Mazziotta, John C. (2007). Mirror neuron system: basic findings and clinical applications. Neurology. DOI:10.1002/ana.21198.
Jospe, Karine; Flo¨ el, Agnes and Lavidor, Michal (2018). “The interaction between embodiment and empathy in facial expression recognition”. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Vol. 13, No. 2.
 Kern, M.; Ruescher, J.;  Schulze-Bonhage, A. and  Ball, T.  (2019). "Cortical Mirror-System Activation During Real-Life Game Playing: An Intracranial Electroencephalography (EEG) Study". Neurons and Cognition  .DOI: 10.32470/CCN.2018.1096-0
Kosonogov, V.(2012). “Why the Mirror Neurons Cannot Support Action Understanding”. Neurophysiology, Vol. 44, No. 6.
Keuken, M. C.; Hardie, A.; Dorn, B. T.; Dev, S.; Paulus, M. P.,; Jonas, K. J. and Pineda, J. A. (2011). “The role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in social perception: An rTMS study”. Brain Research, 1383, 196-205. DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.073.
Kolb, Bryan and Whishaw, Ian Q. (2013). An introduction to brain and behavior (edit4).Worth pablishers.
Lau-Zhu, A.; Fritz, A. & McLoughlin, G. (2018). “Overlaps and distinctions between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in young adulthood: Systematic review and guiding framework for EEGresearch”. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.009
Meini, Cristina & Paternoster, Alfredo (2012). “Mirror neurons as a conceptual mechanism?” Mind Soc, 11:183. –201. DOI 10.1007/s11299-012-0106-0.
 Mohammadi, S. and Hosini, M. (2018). “Comparison of the Effectiveness of Neurofeedback and Drug therapy in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Isfahan Children”. Neuropsychology, 4(12), 125-140.
Nejati, V.; Zabihzadeh, A.; Nikfarjam, M.; Pournaghdali, A. and Naderi, Z. (2012). “Correlation between Mindfulness and Mind Reading in the Eye”. ZJRMS. 14 (1): 37-42.
Oztop, Erhan; Kawato, Mitsuo and Arbib, Michael A (2013). “Mirror neurons: Functions, mechanisms and models”. Neuroscience Letters. 540 (2013) 43-55.
Radfar, Sokofe and Mojdeh Dehi, Masoud (2013). Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults (CAARS). Tehran: Poyayar Test Institute
Raz, S. & Dan, O. (2015a). “Altered event-related potentials in adults with ADHD during emotional faces processing”. Clin. Neurophysiol. 126, 514–523doi:10.1016/j. clinph.2014.06.023.
Raz, S. & Dan, O., (2015b). “Behavioral and neural correlates of facial versus nonfacial stimuli processing in adults with ADHD: An ERP study”. Neuropsychology: 29, 726–738. doi:10.1037/neu0000176
Rizzolatti, G. & Arbib, M. A. (1998). “Language within our rasp”. Trends Neurosci; 21(5):188-194.
Sarraf Razavi, M., Tehranidoost, M., Ghassemi, F., Purabassi, P., & Taymourtash, A. (2017). “Emotional Face Recognition in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence From Event Related Gamma Oscillation”. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 8(5): 419-426. https://doi.org/10.18869/NIRP.BCN.8.5.419.
Sarraf Razavi, Mahdiyeh (2017). "The study of brain function in recognition of facial thrill in children with ADHD compared with healthy children using the ERP method". PhD in Neuroscience, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.
Sjöwall D, Roth L, Lindqvist S, Thorell LB. (2013). “Multiple deficits in ADHD: executive dysfunction, delay aversion, reaction time variability, and emotional deficits”. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2013;54(6):619-27.
Spaulding, Shannon (2013). “Mirror Neurons and Social Cognition”. Mind & Language, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 233–257.
Stamenov, Maxim I. (2002). Mirror Neurons and the Evolution of Brain and Language. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen/Bulgarian Academy of SciencesVittorio Gallese Università di Parma, issn 1381–589X ; v. 42.
Ticini. L.; Schütz-Bosbach, S. and Waszak, F. (2017). "Mirror and (absence of) counter-mirror responses to action sounds measured with TMS". Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Oxford University Press (OUP), 12 (11), pp.1748-1757. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsx106.hal-02384720.
Wicker B, Keysers C, Plailly J, Royet JP, Gallese V and Rizzolatti G.  (2003). “Both of us disgusted in My insula: the common neural basis of seeing and feeling disgust”. Neuron;40(3):655-64.
Williams, J. H.; Waiter, G. D.; Gilchrist, A.; Perrett, D. I.; Murray, A. D. and Whiten, A. (2006). “Neural mechanisms of imitation and “mirror neuron” functioning in autistic spectrum disorder”. Neuropsychologia. 44(6):610-621.