masomeh esmaeli; hoseyn zare; ahmad alipor; mohemmad oraki
Volume 4, Issue 12 , June 2018, , Pages 45-60
Abstract
Introduction: The present study, with emphasis on CaR-FA-X Williams model, investigates the intermediate role of over-general autobiographical memory on the relationship between impairment executive functions with ineffective problem-solving in depressed people.Methods: For this purpose, 56 subjects ...
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Introduction: The present study, with emphasis on CaR-FA-X Williams model, investigates the intermediate role of over-general autobiographical memory on the relationship between impairment executive functions with ineffective problem-solving in depressed people.Methods: For this purpose, 56 subjects with major depression by sampling method during the period from April to September 2017 were selected . For data collection, after diagnosis of major depression by a psychologist, Autobiographical Memory Test, a problem-solving problem test and a Wisconsin card software were used. To analyze the research data using SPSS and IMOS software and path analysis method, structural equation modeling was used.Results: The results showed that the direct effect of executive function on problem solving with a value of 0/283 is not significant at the level of 0/05. The indirect effect of executive function on problem solving with a value of 0/130 is significant at the level of 0/05. The total effect of the executive function on problem solving is 0/413, which is significant at the level of 0/05. Therefore, due to the insignificant direct and significant effects of indirect effect, oral memory is a general mediator variable in the effect between the executive function on problem solving.Conclusion:Therefore, the present study, confirmed by the Williams CaR-FA-X model, showed that depressed people, due to their negative mood, and impairment in executive functions, have a particular problem in restoring their memoirs, and this is a problem in retrieval, solving problems It also affects their problems and makes them produce less effective solutions. Therefore, more generative of autobiographcal memory as a mediating mechanism in the relationship between impairment in executive function and ineffective problem-solving in depressed people.
Hadis Gholampour; MohammadReza Doostan
Volume 2, Issue 7 , February 2017, , Pages 47-62
Abstract
Introduction: Bimanual coordination tasks routine and dominant. So, the aim of this study was investigating the effect of handedness and bimanual coordination task difficulty on the brainwave of cortical areas. Methods: The present study is of semi-experimental type. 20 women (10 left and 10 right-handed) ...
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Introduction: Bimanual coordination tasks routine and dominant. So, the aim of this study was investigating the effect of handedness and bimanual coordination task difficulty on the brainwave of cortical areas. Methods: The present study is of semi-experimental type. 20 women (10 left and 10 right-handed) with a mean age of 42/8 years That were selected by Purposive sampling. Each of the participants did a five-difficulty level of bimanual coordination tasks. Findings: according to the results of analysis of variance and independent t-test in c3 between right and left-hand group there was a significant difference in gamma wave. And in level 5&4 of bimanual coordination task difficulty between two groups in delta waves there was a significant difference too. Conclusion: There was a high activity in the motor cortex, supplementary motor area (C3 & C4) during bimanual coordination task. This activity of wave increasing with enhancement tasks difficulty. This finding shown the important role of Supplementary motor area in bimanual coordination.
leila bayat mokhtari; Alireza Aghayousefi; Hossein Zare; Vahid Nejati
Volume 3, Issue 8 , June 2017, , Pages 51-68
Abstract
Introduction: This survey was done in order to consider the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on the visual/spatial working memory in the area of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Methods: This survey plan was experimental in the kind of pretest/after test together placebo group and arbitrary ...
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Introduction: This survey was done in order to consider the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on the visual/spatial working memory in the area of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Methods: This survey plan was experimental in the kind of pretest/after test together placebo group and arbitrary selection. The study sample contains 20 boy students with dyslexia with 8 to 10 years old that have inclusion criteria in this study. Two kinds of anode and sham stimulation, with 1.5 mA circuitry for 20 minutes and 15 minutes phonological awareness training on 20 participants in 10 sessions were presented. The participants before and after stimulation with N- Beck task, Shirazi and Nilipour reading test were tested. Findings: The covariance results showed that anode stimulation has a significant impact on improving performance in the visual/spatial aspect of the working memory compared to the sham stimulation. Conclusion: Overall, this study showed that the anode stimulation increased and improved individual performance on tasks involving visual working memory and has led to improved dyslexia in children.
Emad Azar; Imanollah Bigdeli; Masoud Fazilat-Pour; Saeedeh Khosravi
Abstract
Aim: Thinking as one of the cognitive functions has always been of interest to researchers. With a distinction between divergent and convergent cognitive processes, Guilford has made a huge impact on experimental research on creative thinking. Alpha frequency band in the range of 12-8 Hz is associated ...
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Aim: Thinking as one of the cognitive functions has always been of interest to researchers. With a distinction between divergent and convergent cognitive processes, Guilford has made a huge impact on experimental research on creative thinking. Alpha frequency band in the range of 12-8 Hz is associated with cognitive functions such as creativity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the increase and decrease of alpha power changes (event-related synchronization and de-synchronization) in two different types of divergent and convergent thinking. Method: The sample of this study consists of 38 postgraduate students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (19 males, 19 females) who were selected by available and voluntary sampling method. The brain waves were recorded using a 19-channel instrument while performing divergent and convergent thinking tasks, and alpha power changes were analyzed using MATLAB software. Results: activity of alpha waves is in the position of divergent thinking from the anterior regions to the posterior regions with synchronization, while in the convergent thinking position we have seen the reduction in the power of the alpha band in the posterior regions compared to the anterior regions of the brain. Conclusion: The activity of alpha waves is significantly associated with divergent thinking tasks, which increased activity in the posterior regions of the brain with increased activity, in contrast to tasks related to convergent thinking, indicated decreased activity from the anterior regions to the posterior regions.
Hassan Yaghoubi; Seyed Ghasem Seyed Hashemi; Ehsan Bedayat; Amir Babaloo
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral activation system and exercise addiction by mediating emotional regulation difficulties. Method: This study was of descriptive-correlational type in which 300 (181 boys and 119 girls) bodybuilding athletes of Khuy city ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral activation system and exercise addiction by mediating emotional regulation difficulties. Method: This study was of descriptive-correlational type in which 300 (181 boys and 119 girls) bodybuilding athletes of Khuy city were selected via cluster sampling, and filled out Exercise Addiction Inventory, BIS/BAS Scales, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient, and structural equation modelling. Findings: The results depicted that there exists a significant and positive relationship between behavioral activation system and emotional regulation difficulties with exercise addiction. The proposed model benefits from a favorable fit with data, and behavioural activation system with direct effect (β = 0.19, pConclusion: The findings of this study indicated the need to consider the behavioral activation system as a fundamental biological variable and emotional regulation difficulties as a mediator in the vulnerability of athlete’s bodybuilders in exercise addiction.
bita hashemi hashjin; Tayebeh Sharifi; shahram mashhadizadeh; reza ahmadi
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to constructing , investigating validating of the neuropsychological skills teacher form questionnaire in preschool children. Method: The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all students of preschools in isfahan city. The ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to constructing , investigating validating of the neuropsychological skills teacher form questionnaire in preschool children. Method: The research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of all students of preschools in isfahan city. The research sample was determined according to Cochran ,s formula of 374 preschool children. Corona restrictions prevented the questionnaire from being published online and preschool teachers filled out online questionnaire for 410 children. In order to investigate the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis method in the main components and the varimax variables and confirmatory factor analysis for goodness of fit the model were used. Finding: The results confirmed the face and content validity, discriminant validity and construct validity of the researcher-made test. The reliability of the test by calculating the Cronbach's alpha was 0.921 and with split half method was 0.843.Clinical cut off point were 2.86. Considering eigenvalues greater than 1, eighteen factors in the first order and five factors in the second order were extracted using exploratory factor analysis respectively showing 83.58 and 85.59 percent of the total variance of the scale. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that load factors in all questions were higher than 0.4 and significant as well (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the neuropsychological skills teacher form questionnaire has adequate validity and reliability and can be used as a valid tool for the assessment of the neuropsychological skills in preschool children.
Alireza shokrgozar; yasamin nekoonam; Farkhondeh Nikkhah
Abstract
anxiety in people with coronary artery disease. Method: The statistical population of the present study was all patients referred to counseling and psychology centers in Tehran Region 5 in 2020. In the present study, 18 people were randomly selected from Nedaye Daroon Psychological Counseling Center ...
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anxiety in people with coronary artery disease. Method: The statistical population of the present study was all patients referred to counseling and psychology centers in Tehran Region 5 in 2020. In the present study, 18 people were randomly selected from Nedaye Daroon Psychological Counseling Center and placed in two experimental and control groups. Participants were assessed using the Petersburg (1989) Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) Sleep Quality Scale. The participants in the experimental group were then treated with neurofeedback for 15 one-hour sessions and the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the differences between the control and experimental groups were effective in the components of sleep quality, sleep disorders, sleeping pills, and daily dysfunction. In other words, neurofeedback therapy reduced the scores of these components, but this treatment had an effect on other components. Was not significant and also the number of anxiety scores in the post-test of the experimental group decreased significantly. Conclusion: Considering the effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy on increasing the quality of sleep and reducing anxiety in individuals, this treatment can be used in the form of treatment programs in coronary conditions.
Hosein Ebrahimi moghadam; Mitra Golzari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 68-76
Abstract
Introduction: The main objective of this study was to compare the speed of learning and information transfer in the brain hemispheres between female and male university students. Method: To do this, 60 students of psychology of Roodehen Islamic Azad University, including 30 males and 30 females, who ...
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Introduction: The main objective of this study was to compare the speed of learning and information transfer in the brain hemispheres between female and male university students. Method: To do this, 60 students of psychology of Roodehen Islamic Azad University, including 30 males and 30 females, who had experimental psychology courses in the first semester of the academic year 1393-1394 were selected to make the sample of the study. To measure the performance of the hemispheres, the Mirror Drawing Device was used in order to see whether the transfer of effect took place. One-way variance (ANOVA) and SPSS16 program were applied to analyze the data. Findings: The results indicated that there was no significant difference between the genders regarding the information transfer between the hemispheres while gender had a significant effect on the speed of learning. Conclusion: The results revealed that the speed of learning in female subjects was higher than that in the male subjects.
Neuropsychology
Lila Noshad; Ami Azizi
Abstract
Background:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback on continuous attention, working memory and visual - motor perception in primary school students with specific learning disorder. Methods: The current study was an experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with ...
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Background:The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of neurofeedback on continuous attention, working memory and visual - motor perception in primary school students with specific learning disorder. Methods: The current study was an experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all primary school students in Tabriz city, among them, 30 people diagnosed with learning disorders in Tabriz learning disorders centers were selected by purposive sampling method and using randomly were replaced into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). In all two groups of N-back, continuous performance test and visual perception -motor Bender-Gestalt as pretest and post-test completion. Neurofeedback was performed in the experimental group for 20 sessions of 30-45 minutes (3 times a week for seven weeks) and the control group received no interventions. Data were analyzed by using multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS.20. Results: There is only a significant difference between the average pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in the variables of continuous attention (p=0.001) and visual-motor perception (p=0.001). This means that neurofeedback training was effective in improving continuous attention, working memory and visual-motor perception. Conclusion: The use of neurofeedback is recommended in improving continuous attention and visual-motor perception in elementary school students with special learning disorders.
Neuropsychology
morteza homayounnia Firouzjah; Morteza Pourazar; Mona Rezae; Ali Abadyan
Abstract
Background: Executive functions in primary school children are very important because they can have a decisive role in improving children's performance in school and even for their future. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computer games and motor games on the executive ...
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Background: Executive functions in primary school children are very important because they can have a decisive role in improving children's performance in school and even for their future. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of computer games and motor games on the executive functions of primary school students. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental. The statistical community was all the 7-9 years old primary school students of Babol city in 1401. To select the sample, three schools were selected through random sampling. 15 people from each school were randomly divided into three groups (movement games, computer games and control). The research tool was BRIEF Executive Functions Questionnaire. Movement and computer group programs were conducted for 12 sessions (4 weeks and three sessions per week). The control group continued their usual programs. Analysis of covariance test and Bonferroni's post hoc test were performed at the level of p<0.05. Results: The results of the analysis of covariance showed that by considering the pre-test scores as the control variable, the training interventions (computer games and movement games) caused a significant difference between the experimental groups. Based on the results of Bonferroni's post hoc test, the difference in executive function variables between the two experimental groups and the control group was significant (p<0.001) but non-significant with each other (p>0.05). Conclusion: motor and computer games can be used as a practical option in order to improve children's executive functions.
zahra ghanbarizarandi; jafar hasani; shahram mohammadkhani; mohammad hatami
Volume 4, Issue 13 , August 2018, , Pages 47-66
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was the comparison of difficulty in emotion regulation and craving based on the sensitivity of brain-behavioral systems and levels of loneliness. Method: In this study, Factorial design of nonequivalent groups were used. The study population consisted of all women with ...
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Aim: The purpose of this study was the comparison of difficulty in emotion regulation and craving based on the sensitivity of brain-behavioral systems and levels of loneliness. Method: In this study, Factorial design of nonequivalent groups were used. The study population consisted of all women with addiction in Kerman who referred to clinics and treatment centers during 2017. The initial research sample included 580 people who were selected by convenience method. Groups were defined according to the loneliness and brain-behavioral systems, that included each group between 21 and 24 subjects. Data were collected using the Craving Beliefs Questionnaire, Jackson's Five Factor Questionnaire, difficulty in emotion regulation Scale and Loneliness Scale. For data analysis were used multivariate analysis of variance (factorial two-way) and Tukey's post hoc test. Findings: The findings showed that the main effect of behavioral brain systems on the difficulty in emotion regulation and craving is significant, but the main effect of loneliness on the difficulty in emotion regulation and craving is not significant. The interactive effect of loneliness and brain-behavioral systems was significant on the difficulty in emotion regulation and craving. Among the groups based on the severity of the activity of the three brain-behavioral systems, the highest rates of craving were in the high FFFS group and the lowest in the low FFFS. Conclusion: In sum, the effect of loneliness on the difficulty in emotion regulation and craving is exacerbated and significant that the interactive effect of loneliness and the high FFFS be investigated.
farzaneh pouladi; masood bagheri; ghasem askarizadeh
Abstract
Aim: Decision-making is part of the cognitive control that plays a key role in the evaluation of desires. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of tDCS on the left hemisphere DLPFC brain region in high-risk decision making and risk-taking. Method: The study was a single-blind experimental ...
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Aim: Decision-making is part of the cognitive control that plays a key role in the evaluation of desires. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of tDCS on the left hemisphere DLPFC brain region in high-risk decision making and risk-taking. Method: The study was a single-blind experimental study performed on 30 healthy adults. In this study, subjects were randomly divided into two experimental and sham groups. In the experimental group, anodal stimulation over the right hemisphere OFC and cathodal stimulation over the left DLPFC was performed at 2 mA. The tasks used were computer versions of Balloon Analogue Risk Task(BART) and Iowa Gambling Task(IGT) for evaluating high-risk decision making and risk-taking. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANCOVA test. Results: Results showed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the Bart test(P
ali parvandi; hassan yaghoubi; ezzatolah ahmadi
Abstract
Introduction: The Purpose of the research was to compare the neuropsychological deficits in individuals with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms and normal individuals. Method: The research design was causal-comparative. The sample of the study included 24 individual with borderline ...
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Introduction: The Purpose of the research was to compare the neuropsychological deficits in individuals with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms and normal individuals. Method: The research design was causal-comparative. The sample of the study included 24 individual with borderline personality disorder symptoms and 22 individual with narcissistic personality disorder symptoms who through purposeful method were selected through patients who had referred to the Psychiatry clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital and the Payvand counseling clinic in Songhor and were compared with 22 normal individual from the hospital and counseling center personnel. The dot-probe task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span Task, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, go/ no go test and Reading the Mind in the Eyes tests were used to collect data. Data were analyzed via using multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the dependent variables. This means that individual with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms demonstrated more attention bias and impulsivity and impairment in theory of mind and executive functions compared to normal group. These deficits (except for working memory) were higher in individual with borderline personality disorder compared to individual with narcissistic personality syndrome. Conclusion: Neuropsychological deficits in individuals with borderline and narcissistic personality disorder symptoms are more than normal individuals. Although, these deficits in individuals with borderline are more than individuals with narcissistic personality disorder symptoms.
lida esmaeili; alireza ramezanpoor
Abstract
Introduction: In addition to physical complications, Covid-19 virus causes several psychological disorders. Depression is a common psychological complication of the virus that is associated with prolonged periods and a variety of symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ...
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Introduction: In addition to physical complications, Covid-19 virus causes several psychological disorders. Depression is a common psychological complication of the virus that is associated with prolonged periods and a variety of symptoms. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the brain (tDCS) on depressive syndrome in improved individuals from Covid-19.Method: The present study was conducted in the form of a quasi-experimental design with random assignment of subjects, pre-test-post-test with control group and follow-up. The sample by available sampling method included 30 people who referred to clinics in Shiraz with depressive symptoms after developing Covid-19 and improving their physical symptoms and volunteered to participate in this study. Of these, 15 were placed in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The instruments used in this study were Beck Depression Inventory and Treatment Sessions (tDCS) including 12 sessions of 20 minutes of F3 anodic stimulation and 2 mA cathodic FP2 stimulation. Data were analyzed by covariance method. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of experimental and control groups in the rate of depression in the post-test stage. Also, there is no significant difference between the symptoms of depression in the experimental group, in the post-test and follow-up stages.Conclusion: it seems that (tDCS) can reduce the depressive symptoms of people with Covid-19 and have good stability over time.
Golandam Zamani; Mohammad Reza Doostan
Volume 3, Issue 10 , January 2018, , Pages 51-62
Abstract
Aim: Introduction: Techniques that directly examine and regulate the activity of the cortex can helps to improving working memory and response time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebral magnetic stimulation on working memory and reaction time in athlete girls. Method: This ...
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Aim: Introduction: Techniques that directly examine and regulate the activity of the cortex can helps to improving working memory and response time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cerebral magnetic stimulation on working memory and reaction time in athlete girls. Method: This study was semi-experimental method which was carried out using two groups with pre-test- and post-test design. A sample of 30 female athletes from the city of Shadegan were selected by sampling method and participated in the research process. First, a pre-test was taken. All respondents tested the reaction time and also a working memory test was taken. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and sham group. Acquisition stage was held in 2 days and a one rest day in between. Results: The results showed that brain of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation improved the progressive working memory, postoperative, mental control, logical memory, and retrieval. It also reduces the simple reaction time and selective. Conclusion: In a general conclusion, direct brain stimulation in the prefrontal cortex in female students is one of the ways that can improve working memory and reduce the reaction time in athlete girls.
maryam najarzadegan; Vahid Nejati; Nasrin Amiri
Volume 1, Issue 1 , September 2015, , Pages 52-45
Abstract
Introduction: Disorders of executive functions and working memory are considered as the components of the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Working memory could be remediated by cognitive rehabilitation exercise. The purpose of the current study is to determine the effectiveness of ...
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Introduction: Disorders of executive functions and working memory are considered as the components of the Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Working memory could be remediated by cognitive rehabilitation exercise. The purpose of the current study is to determine the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation of working memory in reducing behavioral symptoms of children with ADHD. Method: The present semi-experimental study, was designed with pre-test and post-test of control and experimental group. Thirty children with ADHD were requited in the study and allocated into two control and intervention groups. The participants were matched in age, verbal and performance IQ. The intervention group received cognitive rehabilitation in 10 one-houre two days a week sessions. The participants of both groups were assessed in the first and the last treatment session with SNAP-IV tests in the first and the last session of intervention. Data were analyzed with T-test and covariance analysis using SPSS 20. Findings: The results showed that the intervention group has lower score in behavioral symptoms (attention deficit and impulsivity) and the difference between the group was significant (P=0.001) of ADHD after receiving cognitive rehabilitation of working memory. Conclusion: It can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation of working memory leads to the improvement of behavioral symptoms of ADHD in children with ADHD.
zahra Hozhabrnya; saeed ashrafpoor navaee; Gholam Reza Alinejad; Reza goudini
Volume 3, Issue 9 , September 2017, , Pages 53-66
Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in recent years, especially among elderly people, has increased. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of core stability training on intrinsic motivation in Parkinson's disease. Methods: This was an experimental and field ...
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Introduction: The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in recent years, especially among elderly people, has increased. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of core stability training on intrinsic motivation in Parkinson's disease. Methods: This was an experimental and field research with pre- post-test method and control group. 20 patients with aged between 55 to 75 years were selected through purposive sampling with mild to moderate disease and were randomly divided to two experimental and control groups. Hohen & Yahr (H&Y) index for assessing the severity and stage of disease were used. The experimental group participated in 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week of core stability training. Before and after the training, the pre- and post-test of intrinsic motivation questionnaire (McAuley et all, 1989) was used to assess. The mixed ANOVA test with repetitive measures in last factor was used. Findings: The findings related to intrinsic motivation (and subscales) index in Parkinson's disease showed that statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in favor of experimental group, such a way that the experimental group had more motivation score than the control group. Conclusion: Probably in this study, increased mobility experiences and also improve strength leading to increased intrinsic motivation (interest and enjoyment, perceived competence, effort).
Najmeh farsad; Hassan Alamolhodaei; Ali Moghimi; Sahar Moghimi; Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi
Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2018, , Pages 55-70
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine the electrophysiological differences between two groups of students during solving problems on translation between graphical and algebraic representations of functions. Methods: The research method of this paper was quantitative and quasi-experimental. We recruited ...
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Aim: The aim of this paper was to examine the electrophysiological differences between two groups of students during solving problems on translation between graphical and algebraic representations of functions. Methods: The research method of this paper was quantitative and quasi-experimental. We recruited 177 undergraduate male students studing engineering at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Using a a researcher-made mathematics exam they were divided into two groups; high conceptual and procedural knowledge group (HKG) and low conceptual and procedural knowledge group (LKG). Fourteen individuals were randomly selected from each group and participated in the ERPs experiment. Results: The number of true responses were higher for the HKG compared to the LKG. No significant differences were found between speed of response time of two groups. The ERP results showed that the P300 amplitude for the LKG was significantly higher than that of the HKG over CP5, CP6, P3, PZ, P4, O1 and O2 electrodes. Conclusion: It seems possible that the differences between P300 amplitude between LKG and HKG are probably due to different mental strategies adopted by the two aforementioned groups during problem solving.
ahmad alipoor; rogayeh mohammadi
Abstract
Introduction:The aim of the present quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group study was to examine the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive remediation on executive functions and cognitive abilities of students with diabetes. Method: 18 Students with diabetes ...
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Introduction:The aim of the present quasi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group study was to examine the effectiveness of computer-assisted cognitive remediation on executive functions and cognitive abilities of students with diabetes. Method: 18 Students with diabetes were selected from the Diabetes Association of Bonab city and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups of nine people. Executive functions and cognitive abilities of both experimental and control groups were measured with research tools in the pre-test and post-test steps. The tools used in this study were computer software for memory and attention refinement, the software version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and the Coglab software (change detection from the attention test set, and signal detection of Perception test set). For intervention, the experimental group was individually under cognitive remediation in 10 half-hour sessions (twice a week) by using attention and memory improvement software. Findings: Data were analyzed using one-way covariance analysis. The results indicated an increase in cognitive abilities (attention for the discovery of change and perception) in the experimental group. However, the applied intervention did not increase the executive functions of the experimental group. Conclusion:The study concluded that although the intervention and the number of meetings prescribed in this study were useful for promoting cognitive abilities, they did not have enough power to improve its executive functions.
AliAkbar Sharifi; Eshvagh Naami
Abstract
Introduction: Visual search is an active search in the visual environment to find a particular object or feature among other specific objects or attributes. The purpose of this research was to standardize and evaluate the validity and reliability of the visual search test on first and second grade elementary ...
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Introduction: Visual search is an active search in the visual environment to find a particular object or feature among other specific objects or attributes. The purpose of this research was to standardize and evaluate the validity and reliability of the visual search test on first and second grade elementary schools students in Ahwaz. Method: The present research is descriptive through using exploratory factor analysis and principal component analysis. The research sample consisted of 264 children in District 4 of Ahwaz who were selected by random sampling and Participated in the visual search test. To determine reliability, a test-retest administration with a two-week interval was used. Moreover, the embedded image test was performed on 50 previous subjects to obtain the simultaneous validity of the test. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods of correlation, Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis by SPSS 21 software. Results: The results showed the reliability coefficient of retest visual search test were in the range of 0.357 to 0.732 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for visual search test was 0.827. Pearson correlation coefficient between the total positive index of the total visual search test and the latent shapes test was 0.642, which was significant with 99% confidence. Conclusion: the research results showed the optimal psychometric properties of the visual search test. Therefore, this test can be used for research and clinical purposes.
Seyed Younes Mohammadi; mitra golzari; Moihammad Oraki
Volume 1, Issue 3 , March 2016, , Pages 57-67
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of games on the speed of learning and the transfer of information between the two hemispheres of brain. Method: The design of the study was quasi-experimental and the sampling estimation was based on Cohen's table. There were 15 ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of games on the speed of learning and the transfer of information between the two hemispheres of brain. Method: The design of the study was quasi-experimental and the sampling estimation was based on Cohen's table. There were 15 patients in each group (experimental group and control) who voluntarily took part in the research and they were tested by pre-test and post-test. In order to measure the speed of data transfer between the hemispheres of the brain and the speed of learning among users, the device of drawing in the mirror was used. To analyze the data ANCOVA was performed by software SPSS 20. Findings: Results showed a significant relationship between playing games and the learning speed and transfer of information between the two hemispheres of the brain. Conclusion: Games influence the speed of learning and transfer of information between the two hemispheres of the brain.
Raha Rostamifar; Mohammad Jalilvand
Volume 2, Issue 5 , September 2016, , Pages 57-70
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of exercise on visual-auditory and auditory-visual dual frequency assignment in psychological refectory period. Method: 45 students from 18 to 28 years were chosen through purposive sampling from Khorramshahr and were randomly divided into ...
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate effect of exercise on visual-auditory and auditory-visual dual frequency assignment in psychological refectory period. Method: 45 students from 18 to 28 years were chosen through purposive sampling from Khorramshahr and were randomly divided into three groups: practicing with task visual-auditory, task auditory-visual and control group, each group consisted of 15 people. The dual task test visual-audio and audio-visual was done with all subjects. The interval between the two stimuli was 50 and 75 (short distance) 200 and 250 ms (long distance) (Generally 8 trial visual-audio and 8 trial audio-visual). The training program included 5 sessions in 5 days. Each session includes 12 blocks of 8 trials with visual-auditory double task personification pre-test and the two-minute rest intervals between blocks. Findings The results of ANOVA showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of all sequences in all four stimulus onsets but there was no significant difference between the display of the visual stimulus presentation and auditory presentations. Conclusion: Double Task Practice by increasing the stimulus-response compatibility reduces the need for attention and reducing the required attention capacity which is possible for the two stimuli at the same processing can have positive effect on psychological refectory period as well as the task of visual-auditory and auditory- visual with an interval of high and low.
Sajad Parsayi; Rasoul Abedanzadeh; Nahid Shetab boushehri; Masoumeh Shojaee
Volume 2, Issue 4 , June 2017, , Pages 57-74
Abstract
Introduction: Mental imagery is an important skill that athletes should always work on and apply with high confidence; especially during competition in order to relieve stress and improve performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mirror neuron on different speeds of mental imagery ...
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Introduction: Mental imagery is an important skill that athletes should always work on and apply with high confidence; especially during competition in order to relieve stress and improve performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of mirror neuron on different speeds of mental imagery on basketball dribbling performance. Methods: The research method was semi-empirical and a pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 30 female students (average age 22± 1.12) selected through a purposive sampling method and categorized in three groups of rapid-speed, equal-speed, and low-speed imagery. Following the basketball dribble function in pretests, the participants were involved in imagery for a period of four consecutive days, and were subsequently tested for the real dribble function in the posttests. They were also subjected to electroencephalographic assessment during imagery, focusing primarily on the reaction of the mirror neurons within the process. The findings were then analyzed using the intragroup analysis of variance. Findings: The results showed that dribble function in all groups improved (p≤0.05). However, investigation of the effect size indicated a significant improvement in the groups with slow-speed and equal-speed imagery compared to those receiving high-speed imagery. Mu rhythm suppression in areas C4 and Cz were observed in all groups (p≤0.05). C3 area was active only in slow-speed group. Conclusions: Mental imagery causes required movements encoding for performing skill in the brain by activating mirror neurons. In brain, this movement encoding leads to facilitation in motor skills.
ladan vaghef; hasan bafandeh gharamaleki; fatemeh soltani margani
Abstract
Aim:The impairment in Cognitive functions is common symptoms of Depression. The purpose of this research is investigation of the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on risky Decision-Making and reaction times (RT) in patients with Depression. Methods: Thirty university students with ...
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Aim:The impairment in Cognitive functions is common symptoms of Depression. The purpose of this research is investigation of the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on risky Decision-Making and reaction times (RT) in patients with Depression. Methods: Thirty university students with depressive symptoms who were referred to the Counseling Center of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University were selected and randomly divided into two groups : experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The experimental group received anodal-tDCS stimulation over the left DLPFC for two weeks, 5 days a week and each session for 20 minutes. Risky decision making and reaction time were assessed by Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) and reaction timer apparatus, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis and paired t-test. Findings: The Results showed that the reaction times of both hands and feet was significantly faster in experimental group than sham group (p <0.05). Moreover, adjusted mean number of pumps (AMP) was lower in the experimental group than in the control group, during the BART task. Conclusion: according to our result, anodal tDCS stimulation reduced reaction time and decreased risk-taking behaviors.Therefore,transcranial electrical stimulation can be usedas a non-pharmacological and safe intervention to improve cognitive impairment to enhance the cognitive functions in people with depression.
morteza homayounnia; mahmoud shiekh; rasool hemayattalab; shahnaz shahrbanian; alireza homayouni
Abstract
Introduction : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of environmental affordances on metacognitive in children with intellectual disability. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. Target population included 175 children (6-9 years old) with intellectual disability living in Babol ...
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Introduction : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of environmental affordances on metacognitive in children with intellectual disability. Method: This was a quasi-experimental study. Target population included 175 children (6-9 years old) with intellectual disability living in Babol in 2017. Among them 50 children were conveniently recruited and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control group (25 per each group). The experimental group went under a specific program including the environmental affordances, such as, facilities, training, and exercises focusing on motor skills development of children. The intervention lasted for 36 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 30 to 45 minutes per session. The metacognitive questionnaire (MCQ-C) was used to assess metacognitive skills. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The results indicated that the environmental affordances were effective in improving m metacognitive (pConclusion: Considering the lack of metacognitive skills in children with mental disorders and the relationship between metacognition and learning, it can be argued that is suggested improving the metacognitive skills of these children in order to improve the learning of different skills.
